महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-131, verse-13

राजोवाच ।
बहुकल्याणसंयुक्तं भाषसे विहगोत्तम ।
सुपर्णः पक्षिराट्किं त्वं धर्मज्ञश्चास्यसंशयम् ।
तथा हि धर्मसंयुक्तं बहु चित्रं प्रभाषसे ॥१३॥

13. rājovāca ,
bahukalyāṇasaṁyuktaṁ bhāṣase vihagottama ,
suparṇaḥ pakṣirāṭkiṁ tvaṁ dharmajñaścāsyasaṁśayam ,
tathā hi dharmasaṁyuktaṁ bahu citraṁ prabhāṣase.

13. rājan uvāca | bahu-kalyāṇa-saṃyuktam bhāṣase
vihaga-uttama | suparṇaḥ pakṣi-rāṭ kim
tvam dharma-jñaḥ ca asya saṃśayam | tathā
hi dharma-saṃyuktam bahu citram prabhāṣase

13. The king said: "O best of birds, you speak words endowed with great welfare. Are you Garuḍa (Suparṇa), the king of birds? You are certainly one who knows the natural law (dharma), for you speak such various things connected with natural law (dharma)."

Words meanings summery:

• राजन् (rājan) - king, ruler

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• बहु-कल्याण-संयुक्तम् (bahu-kalyāṇa-saṁyuktam) - endowed with great welfare, combined with much good, full of many auspicious things

• भाषसे (bhāṣase) - you speak, you say

• विहग-उत्तम (vihaga-uttama) - O best of birds, O excellent bird

• सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - Garuḍa (the mythical king of birds) (a bird with beautiful wings, Garuḍa)

• पक्षि-राट् (pakṣi-rāṭ) - king of birds

• किम् (kim) - "Are you?" (marks a question) (what? are you? (interrogative particle))

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• धर्म-ज्ञः (dharma-jñaḥ) - knower of natural law, righteous, judicious

• च (ca) - and

• अस्य (asya) - in this matter (of this, of him; its)

• संशयम् (saṁśayam) - without doubt, certainly (doubt, uncertainty)

• तथा (tathā) - for, indeed (introducing a reason or confirmation) (thus, so, in that manner)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

• धर्म-संयुक्तम् (dharma-saṁyuktam) - connected with natural law, righteous

• बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

• चित्रम् (citram) - various things, diverse topics (wonderful, various, strange, clear)

• प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak forth, you declare

Words meanings and morphology

राजन् (rājan) - king, ruler

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

root 'vac' (2nd conj.)

Root: vac (class 2)

बहु-कल्याण-संयुक्तम् (bahu-kalyāṇa-saṁyuktam) - endowed with great welfare, combined with much good, full of many auspicious things

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu-kalyāṇa-saṃyukta

bahu-kalyāṇa-saṁyukta - connected with much welfare, endowed with many good qualities

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (bahu+kalyāṇa+saṃyukta)

• bahu – much, many, abundant
  adjective
• kalyāṇa – welfare, good, auspiciousness
  noun (neuter)
• saṃyukta – joined, connected, endowed with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root 'yuj' with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies an implicit 'speech' or 'words' (vacanam).

भाषसे (bhāṣase) - you speak, you say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

Present Middle

root 'bhāṣ' (1st conj.)

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

विहग-उत्तम (vihaga-uttama) - O best of birds, O excellent bird

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vihaga+uttama)

• vihaga – bird, moving in the sky
  noun (masculine)
  From 'vi' (sky) + 'gam' (to go)
  Prefix: vi
  Root: gam (class 1)
• uttama – best, highest, excellent
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Addressed to the bird (Garuḍa in context).

सुपर्णः (suparṇaḥ) - Garuḍa (the mythical king of birds) (a bird with beautiful wings, Garuḍa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suparṇa

suparṇa - having beautiful wings, (as a proper noun) Garuḍa

पक्षि-राट् (pakṣi-rāṭ) - king of birds

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pakṣin+rājan)

• pakṣin – bird, winged creature
  noun (masculine)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

किम् (kim) - "Are you?" (marks a question) (what? are you? (interrogative particle))

(indeclinable)

Note: Interrogative particle.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

धर्म-ज्ञः (dharma-jñaḥ) - knower of natural law, righteous, judicious

(compound)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, knower of
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'jñā' (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - in this matter (of this, of him; its)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Can be masculine, feminine, or neuter genitive singular. Here likely refers to the 'matter' or 'topic'.

संशयम् (saṁśayam) - without doubt, certainly (doubt, uncertainty)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃśaya

saṁśaya - doubt, uncertainty, suspicion

Prefix: sam

Root: śi (class 5)

Note: Used adverbially here, implying 'without doubt'.

तथा (tathā) - for, indeed (introducing a reason or confirmation) (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, for, because

(indeclinable)

धर्म-संयुक्तम् (dharma-saṁyuktam) - connected with natural law, righteous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dharma-saṃyukta

dharma-saṁyukta - connected with natural law (dharma), endowed with righteousness

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+saṃyukta)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• saṃyukta – joined, connected, endowed with
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From verb root 'yuj' with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'citram' and implicitly 'vacanam'.

बहु (bahu) - much, many, abundant

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bahu

bahu - much, many, abundant

Note: Qualifies 'citram'.

चित्रम् (citram) - various things, diverse topics (wonderful, various, strange, clear)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of citra

citra - bright, clear, wonderful, various, diverse

Note: Used as a noun here, referring to 'many diverse things' or 'topics'.

प्रभाषसे (prabhāṣase) - you speak forth, you declare

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prabhāṣ

Present Middle

root 'bhāṣ' (1st conj.) with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)