महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-131, verse-7

शक्यते दुस्त्यजेऽप्यर्थे चिररात्राय जीवितुम् ।
न तु भोजनमुत्सृज्य शक्यं वर्तयितुं चिरम् ॥७॥

7. śakyate dustyaje'pyarthe cirarātrāya jīvitum ,
na tu bhojanamutsṛjya śakyaṁ vartayituṁ ciram.

7. śakyate dustyaje api arthe cirarātrāya jīvitum
na tu bhojanam utsṛjya śakyam vartayitum ciram

7. One can endure for a long time even by giving up something that is difficult to relinquish. But it is not possible to subsist for long after abandoning food.

Words meanings summery:

• शक्यते (śakyate) - it is possible, can be done

• दुस्त्यजे (dustyaje) - in a thing/matter difficult to abandon

• अपि (api) - even, also

• अर्थे (arthe) - in a matter, in a thing, in a purpose

• चिररात्राय (cirarātrāya) - for a long period, for many nights

• जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, to exist

• न (na) - not

• तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

• भोजनम् (bhojanam) - food, meal

• उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

• शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable

• वर्तयितुम् (vartayitum) - to subsist, to maintain oneself, to live

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

Words meanings and morphology

शक्यते (śakyate) - it is possible, can be done

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of śak

Present tense

Passive voice, present tense, 3rd person singular of root śak.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Impersonal passive, 'it is possible'.

दुस्त्यजे (dustyaje) - in a thing/matter difficult to abandon

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of dustyaja

dustyaja - difficult to abandon, hard to give up

Gerundive

Derived from prefix dus- (difficult) + root tyaj (to abandon) + ya suffix.

Prefix: dus

Root: tyaj (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'arthe'.

अपि (api) - even, also

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'dustyaje arthe'.

अर्थे (arthe) - in a matter, in a thing, in a purpose

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, thing, wealth, advantage

Note: Refers to something that can be abandoned.

चिररात्राय (cirarātrāya) - for a long period, for many nights

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of cirarātra

cirarātra - a long night, a long time

Compound type : karmadhāraya (cira+rātra)

• cira – long (time), lasting
  adjective
• rātra – night
  noun (neuter)

Note: Expresses duration or purpose.

जीवितुम् (jīvitum) - to live, to exist

(verb)

Infinitive

Infinitive of root jīv.

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Complements 'śakyate'.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the following clause.

तु (tu) - but, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects contrasting ideas.

भोजनम् (bhojanam) - food, meal

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bhojana

bhojana - food, eating, meal

Derived from root bhuj (to eat) + lyuṭ suffix.

Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Object of 'utsṛjya'.

उत्सृज्य (utsṛjya) - having abandoned, having given up

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Gerund of root sṛj (to abandon) with prefix ud-.

Prefix: ud

Root: sṛj (class 6)

Note: Expresses prior action.

शक्यम् (śakyam) - possible, capable

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, practicable, capable of being done

Gerundive

Gerundive of root śak (to be able) with ya suffix.

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective, 'it is possible'.

वर्तयितुम् (vartayitum) - to subsist, to maintain oneself, to live

(verb)

Infinitive (causative)

Infinitive of the causative stem vartaya from root vṛt (to be, exist).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Complements 'śakyam'.

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.