महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-115, verse-9

अकृतव्रण उवाच ।
कन्यकुब्जे महानासीत्पार्थिवः सुमहाबलः ।
गाधीति विश्रुतो लोके वनवासं जगाम सः ॥९॥

9. akṛtavraṇa uvāca ,
kanyakubje mahānāsītpārthivaḥ sumahābalaḥ ,
gādhīti viśruto loke vanavāsaṁ jagāma saḥ.

9. akṛtavraṇaḥ uvāca kanyakubje mahān āsīt pārthivaḥ
sumahābalaḥ gādhī iti viśrutaḥ loke vanavāsam jagāma saḥ

9. Akritavrana said: 'There was a great, exceedingly mighty king in Kanyakubja, renowned in the world by the name Gadhi. He went to live in the forest.'

Words meanings summery:

• अकृतव्रणः (akṛtavraṇaḥ) - Akritavrana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कन्यकुब्जे (kanyakubje) - Refers to the ancient city of Kanyakubja, modern Kannauj. (in Kanyakubja (name of a city))

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - Refers to King Gadhi. (king, earthly ruler, prince)

• सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - exceedingly mighty, of very great strength

• गाधी (gādhī) - The name of the king mentioned. (Gadhi)

• इति (iti) - Indicates that 'Gadhi' is the name. (thus, so, named)

• विश्रुतः (viśrutaḥ) - renowned, famous, well-known

• लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

• वनवासम् (vanavāsam) - Refers to the act of going to live in a hermitage or ascetic life. (forest dwelling, living in the forest)

• जगाम (jagāma) - went, proceeded

• सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Gadhi. (he, that)

Words meanings and morphology

अकृतव्रणः (akṛtavraṇaḥ) - Akritavrana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akṛtavraṇa

akṛtavraṇa - Akritavrana (name of a sage, lit. 'one who has no wounds, unwounded')

'a' (negation) + 'kṛta' (made/done) + 'vraṇa' (wound). A person who has never been wounded.

Compound type : bahuvrihi (a+kṛta+vraṇa)

• a – not, un-, without
  indeclinable
  Negation prefix
• kṛta – done, made, performed
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root kṛ (to do, make)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• vraṇa – wound, cut, sore
  noun (masculine)

Note: Speaker of the verse.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

कन्यकुब्जे (kanyakubje) - Refers to the ancient city of Kanyakubja, modern Kannauj. (in Kanyakubja (name of a city))

(proper noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kanyakubja

kanyakubja - Kanyakubja (name of an ancient city, modern Kannauj)

'kanyā' (maiden) + 'kubja' (hunchbacked), referring to a legend.

Compound type : karmadharaya (kanyā+kubja)

• kanyā – maiden, girl, virgin
  noun (feminine)
• kubja – hunchbacked, bent
  adjective (masculine)

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important, mighty

Note: Adjective modifying 'pārthivaḥ'.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Past tense of 'to be'.

Root: as (class 2)

पार्थिवः (pārthivaḥ) - Refers to King Gadhi. (king, earthly ruler, prince)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pārthiva

pārthiva - earthly, royal, a king, a prince

Derived from pṛthivī (earth).

सुमहाबलः (sumahābalaḥ) - exceedingly mighty, of very great strength

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sumahābala

sumahābala - of very great strength, exceedingly powerful

'su' (good, very) + 'mahā' (great) + 'bala' (strength).

Compound type : karmadharaya (su+mahā+bala)

• su – good, excellent, well, very
  indeclinable
  Prefix intensifying the meaning
• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• bala – strength, power, force
  noun (neuter)

गाधी (gādhī) - The name of the king mentioned. (Gadhi)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gādhī

gādhī - Gadhi (name of a king, father of Viśvāmitra)

इति (iti) - Indicates that 'Gadhi' is the name. (thus, so, named)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'Gadhi' to 'renowned'.

विश्रुतः (viśrutaḥ) - renowned, famous, well-known

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of viśruta

viśruta - famous, celebrated, well-known, heard of

Past Passive Participle

From root śru (to hear) with upasarga vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: śru (class 5)

लोके (loke) - in the world, among people

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm, region

वनवासम् (vanavāsam) - Refers to the act of going to live in a hermitage or ascetic life. (forest dwelling, living in the forest)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - dwelling in a forest, forest life, hermitage

'vana' (forest) + 'vāsa' (dwelling).

Compound type : tatpurusha (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, abode, residence, living
  noun (masculine)
  From root vas (to dwell)
  Root: vas (class 1)

जगाम (jagāma) - went, proceeded

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of gam

Perfect tense, active voice, 3rd person singular

Irregular perfect form from root gam.

Root: gam (class 1)

सः (saḥ) - Refers to King Gadhi. (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Subject of 'jagāma'.