महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-115, verse-12

एकतःश्यामकर्णानां पाण्डुराणां तरस्विनाम् ।
सहस्रं वाजिनां शुल्कमिति विद्धि द्विजोत्तम ॥१२॥

12. ekataḥśyāmakarṇānāṁ pāṇḍurāṇāṁ tarasvinām ,
sahasraṁ vājināṁ śulkamiti viddhi dvijottama.

12. ekataḥśyāmakarṇānām pāṇḍurāṇām tarasvinām
sahasram vājinām śulkam iti viddhi dvijottama

12. O best of Brahmins, know this: a thousand swift, white horses, each with one black ear, is the bride-price (śulka).

Words meanings summery:

• एकतःश्यामकर्णानाम् (ekataḥśyāmakarṇānām) - pertaining to horses, each having one black ear (of those having one black ear)

• पाण्डुराणाम् (pāṇḍurāṇām) - pertaining to horses, white in color (of white ones, of pale ones)

• तरस्विनाम् (tarasvinām) - pertaining to horses, swift in speed (of swift ones, of vigorous ones)

• सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand

• वाजिनाम् (vājinām) - of horses

• शुल्कम् (śulkam) - the bride-price (for the daughter) (bride-price, dowry, toll, tax)

• इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, indicates quoted speech

• विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

• द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O Ṛcīka (O best of Brahmins, O best of the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

एकतःश्यामकर्णानाम् (ekataḥśyāmakarṇānām) - pertaining to horses, each having one black ear (of those having one black ear)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ekataḥśyāmakarṇa

ekataḥśyāmakarṇa - having one black ear

Compound formed from 'ekatas' (on one side), 'śyāma' (black), and 'karṇa' (ear)

Compound type : Bahuvrīhi (ekatas+śyāma+karṇa)

• ekatas – from one side, on one side, single
  indeclinable
• śyāma – black, dark, dark-blue
  adjective (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'vājinām'

पाण्डुराणाम् (pāṇḍurāṇām) - pertaining to horses, white in color (of white ones, of pale ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pāṇḍura

pāṇḍura - white, pale, yellowish-white

Note: Qualifies 'vājinām'

तरस्विनाम् (tarasvinām) - pertaining to horses, swift in speed (of swift ones, of vigorous ones)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tarasvin

tarasvin - swift, vigorous, powerful

Derived from 'taras' (speed, vigor) with suffix '-vin'

Note: Qualifies 'vājinām'

सहस्रम् (sahasram) - a thousand

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of sahasra

sahasra - thousand

Note: Refers to the quantity of horses

वाजिनाम् (vājinām) - of horses

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vājin

vājin - horse, swift one, powerful one

Derived from root 'vaj' (to be strong, swift)

Root: vaj

Note: Qualified by 'ekataḥśyāmakarṇānām', 'pāṇḍurāṇām', 'tarasvinām'

शुल्कम् (śulkam) - the bride-price (for the daughter) (bride-price, dowry, toll, tax)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śulka

śulka - bride-price, dowry, toll, tax

Note: Predicate nominative for the implied 'is'

इति (iti) - thus, in this manner, indicates quoted speech

(indeclinable)

Note: Indicates the preceding statement as the object of 'viddhi'

विद्धि (viddhi) - know, understand

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vid

Imperative Active Voice

Second person singular imperative form of root 'vid'

Root: vid (class 2)

द्विजोत्तम (dvijottama) - O Ṛcīka (O best of Brahmins, O best of the twice-born)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijottama

dvijottama - best of Brahmins, best of the twice-born

Vocative singular of compound 'dvijottama' ('dvija' + 'uttama')

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (dvija+uttama)

• dvija – twice-born, Brahmin, bird
  noun (masculine)
• uttama – best, excellent, supreme
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Addressed to Ṛcīka