महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-4, verse-20

सततं कम्पयामास यवनानेक एव यः ।
यथासुरान्कालकेयान्देवो वज्रधरस्तथा ॥२०॥

20. satataṁ kampayāmāsa yavanāneka eva yaḥ ,
yathāsurānkālakeyāndevo vajradharastathā.

20. satatam kampayāmāsa yavanān eka eva yaḥ yathā
asurān kālakīyān devaḥ vajradharaḥ tathā

20. He alone constantly made the Yavanas tremble, just as the thunderbolt-wielding deity [Indra] made the Kālakeyā asuras tremble.

Words meanings summery:

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

• कम्पयामास (kampayāmāsa) - caused to tremble, shook, agitated

• यवनान् (yavanān) - Yavanas (a foreign people, often Greeks or Persians)

• एक (eka) - one, alone, single

• एव (eva) - only, alone, indeed, just

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which

• यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

• असुरान् (asurān) - Asuras (demons, anti-gods)

• कालकीयान् (kālakīyān) - Kālakeyās (a specific group of Asuras)

• देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity

• वज्रधरः (vajradharaḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (thunderbolt-wielder)

• तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

Words meanings and morphology

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage from neuter accusative singular of the adjective 'satata'.

कम्पयामास (kampayāmāsa) - caused to tremble, shook, agitated

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (Lit) of kampayāmāsa

Periphrastic Perfect (Causative)

Periphrastic perfect formed from the causative stem 'kampaya' and 'āsa' (perfect of 'as' with 'ām' augment). Root: kamp (to tremble), Class: 1P.

Root: kamp (class 1)

Note: Causative verb from root kamp.

यवनान् (yavanān) - Yavanas (a foreign people, often Greeks or Persians)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of yavana

yavana - Yavana, Ionian, Greek, foreigner

एक (eka) - one, alone, single

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Modifies the implied subject (e.g., 'he').

एव (eva) - only, alone, indeed, just

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

यः (yaḥ) - who, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, whoever

Note: Relative pronoun referring to the implied subject.

यथा (yathā) - as, just as, in what manner

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of comparison.

असुरान् (asurān) - Asuras (demons, anti-gods)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of asura

asura - demon, anti-god, mighty one

कालकीयान् (kālakīyān) - Kālakeyās (a specific group of Asuras)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of kālakīya

kālakīya - belonging to Kālaka, a Kālakeyā (a class of Asuras)

Note: Adjective here, referring to a specific group of Asuras.

देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

वज्रधरः (vajradharaḥ) - Indra, the king of the gods (thunderbolt-wielder)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vajradhara

vajradhara - thunderbolt-wielder, bearing a thunderbolt (an epithet of Indra)

Compound: vajra (thunderbolt) + dhara (holding/bearing).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vajra+dhara)

• vajra – thunderbolt, diamond
  noun (masculine)
• dhara – holding, bearing, supporting
  noun/adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun from root dhṛ
  Agent noun from root dhṛ (to hold/bear).
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Epithet for Indra.

तथा (tathā) - so, similarly, thus

(indeclinable)

Note: Correlative to yathā.