महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-33, verse-30

तस्मै भीष्माभ्यनुज्ञातः सहदेवः प्रतापवान् ।
उपजह्रेऽथ विधिवद्वार्ष्णेयायार्घ्यमुत्तमम् ॥३०॥

30. tasmai bhīṣmābhyanujñātaḥ sahadevaḥ pratāpavān ,
upajahre'tha vidhivadvārṣṇeyāyārghyamuttamam.

30. tasmai bhīṣmābhyanujñātaḥ sahadevaḥ pratāpavān |
upajahre atha vidhivat vārṣṇeyāya arghyam uttamam

30. Then, the mighty Sahadeva, having received permission from Bhishma, properly offered the excellent oblation (arghya) to the Vṛṣṇi descendant (Kṛṣṇa).

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (referring to Kṛṣṇa) (to him, for him)

• भीष्माभ्यनुज्ञातः (bhīṣmābhyanujñātaḥ) - having received permission from Bhishma (permitted by Bhishma, sanctioned by Bhishma)

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (Sahadeva (one of the Pāṇḍavas))

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty (powerful, glorious, majestic)

• उपजह्रे (upajahre) - offered (offered, presented)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly (according to rule, properly, ritually)

• वार्ष्णेयाय (vārṣṇeyāya) - to the Vṛṣṇi descendant (Kṛṣṇa) (to the descendant of Vṛṣṇi (Kṛṣṇa))

• अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - oblation (arghya) (oblation, respectful offering (often water))

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (referring to Kṛṣṇa) (to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the recipient of the offering, Kṛṣṇa.

भीष्माभ्यनुज्ञातः (bhīṣmābhyanujñātaḥ) - having received permission from Bhishma (permitted by Bhishma, sanctioned by Bhishma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣmābhyanujñāta

bhīṣmābhyanujñāta - permitted/sanctioned by Bhishma

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective ending in a PPP. 'abhyanujñāta' is from 'anu-jñā' (to permit) with 'abhi'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīṣma+abhyanujñāta)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma (a proper name), terrible, formidable
  proper noun (masculine)
• abhyanujñāta – permitted, allowed, sanctioned
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know, permit) with upasargas 'abhi' and 'anu', and kṛt suffix 'kta'.
  Prefixes: abhi+anu
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'Sahadevaḥ'.

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (Sahadeva (one of the Pāṇḍavas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (proper name), with god, accompanied by a deity

Note: Subject of the verb 'upajahre'.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty (powerful, glorious, majestic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - possessing glory/power/valor

Suffix 'matup' (possessive) added to 'pratāpa'.

Note: Qualifies 'Sahadevaḥ'.

उपजह्रे (upajahre) - offered (offered, presented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of upahṛ

Perfect tense, ātmanepada, from root 'hṛ' with upasarga 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the action of offering by Sahadeva.

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly (according to rule, properly, ritually)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from 'vidhi' (rule).

Note: Adverb modifying 'upajahre'.

वार्ष्णेयाय (vārṣṇeyāya) - to the Vṛṣṇi descendant (Kṛṣṇa) (to the descendant of Vṛṣṇi (Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - descendant of Vṛṣṇi, belonging to the Vṛṣṇi clan

Patronymic from Vṛṣṇi.

Note: The recipient of the offering.

अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - oblation (arghya) (oblation, respectful offering (often water))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of arghya

arghya - respectful offering, oblation (often of water)

Gerundive

From 'argh' (to be worthy) with suffix 'ya'. Something worthy of respect/offering.

Root: argh (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'upajahre'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative degree from 'ud' (up).

Note: Qualifies 'arghyam'.