महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-33, verse-30

तस्मै भीष्माभ्यनुज्ञातः सहदेवः प्रतापवान् ।
उपजह्रेऽथ विधिवद्वार्ष्णेयायार्घ्यमुत्तमम् ॥३०॥

30. tasmai bhīṣmābhyanujñātaḥ sahadevaḥ pratāpavān ,
upajahre'tha vidhivadvārṣṇeyāyārghyamuttamam.

30. tasmai bhīṣmābhyanujñātaḥ sahadevaḥ pratāpavān |
upajahre atha vidhivat vārṣṇeyāya arghyam uttamam

30. Then, the mighty Sahadeva, having received permission from Bhishma, properly offered the excellent oblation (arghya) to the Vṛṣṇi descendant (Kṛṣṇa).

30. אז סַהַדֵוַה האדיר, לאחר שקיבל רשות מבְּהִישְׁמַה, הגיש כדין לבן וְרְשְׁנִי את מנחת הכבוד (אַרְגְהְיַה) המעולה.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (referring to Kṛṣṇa) (to him, for him)

• भीष्माभ्यनुज्ञातः (bhīṣmābhyanujñātaḥ) - having received permission from Bhishma (permitted by Bhishma, sanctioned by Bhishma)

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (Sahadeva (one of the Pāṇḍavas))

• प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty (powerful, glorious, majestic)

• उपजह्रे (upajahre) - offered (offered, presented)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

• विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly (according to rule, properly, ritually)

• वार्ष्णेयाय (vārṣṇeyāya) - to the Vṛṣṇi descendant (Kṛṣṇa) (to the descendant of Vṛṣṇi (Kṛṣṇa))

• अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - oblation (arghya) (oblation, respectful offering (often water))

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (referring to Kṛṣṇa) (to him, for him)

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the recipient of the offering, Kṛṣṇa.

भीष्माभ्यनुज्ञातः (bhīṣmābhyanujñātaḥ) - having received permission from Bhishma (permitted by Bhishma, sanctioned by Bhishma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣmābhyanujñāta

bhīṣmābhyanujñāta - permitted/sanctioned by Bhishma

Past Passive Participle

Compound adjective ending in a PPP. 'abhyanujñāta' is from 'anu-jñā' (to permit) with 'abhi'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (bhīṣma+abhyanujñāta)

• bhīṣma – Bhishma (a proper name), terrible, formidable
  proper noun (masculine)
• abhyanujñāta – permitted, allowed, sanctioned
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know, permit) with upasargas 'abhi' and 'anu', and kṛt suffix 'kta'.
  Prefixes: abhi+anu
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Qualifies 'Sahadevaḥ'.

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - Sahadeva (Sahadeva (one of the Pāṇḍavas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (proper name), with god, accompanied by a deity

Note: Subject of the verb 'upajahre'.

प्रतापवान् (pratāpavān) - mighty (powerful, glorious, majestic)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratāpavat

pratāpavat - possessing glory/power/valor

Suffix 'matup' (possessive) added to 'pratāpa'.

Note: Qualifies 'Sahadevaḥ'.

उपजह्रे (upajahre) - offered (offered, presented)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of upahṛ

Perfect tense, ātmanepada, from root 'hṛ' with upasarga 'upa'.

Prefix: upa

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Refers to the action of offering by Sahadeva.

अथ (atha) - then (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)

विधिवत् (vidhivat) - properly (according to rule, properly, ritually)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial formation from 'vidhi' (rule).

Note: Adverb modifying 'upajahre'.

वार्ष्णेयाय (vārṣṇeyāya) - to the Vṛṣṇi descendant (Kṛṣṇa) (to the descendant of Vṛṣṇi (Kṛṣṇa))

(proper noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vārṣṇeya

vārṣṇeya - descendant of Vṛṣṇi, belonging to the Vṛṣṇi clan

Patronymic from Vṛṣṇi.

Note: The recipient of the offering.

अर्घ्यम् (arghyam) - oblation (arghya) (oblation, respectful offering (often water))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of arghya

arghya - respectful offering, oblation (often of water)

Gerundive

From 'argh' (to be worthy) with suffix 'ya'. Something worthy of respect/offering.

Root: argh (class 1)

Note: Direct object of 'upajahre'.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent (excellent, best, supreme)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative degree from 'ud' (up).

Note: Qualifies 'arghyam'.

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