महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-2, chapter-18, verse-23

अमर्षादभितप्तानां ज्ञात्यर्थं मुख्यवाससाम् ।
रविसोमाग्निवपुषां भीममासीत्तदा वपुः ॥२३॥

23. amarṣādabhitaptānāṁ jñātyarthaṁ mukhyavāsasām ,
ravisomāgnivapuṣāṁ bhīmamāsīttadā vapuḥ.

23. amarṣāt abhitaptānām jñātyartham mukhyavāsasām
ravisomāgnivapuṣām bhīmam āsīt tadā vapuḥ

23. Then, the forms of those who were tormented by indignation for the sake of their relatives, wearing their principal garments, and whose bodies resembled the sun, moon, and fire, became fearsome.

Words meanings summery:

• अमर्षात् (amarṣāt) - from indignation, from anger, from intolerance

• अभितप्तानाम् (abhitaptānām) - of those tormented, of those distressed, of those afflicted

• ज्ञात्यर्थम् (jñātyartham) - for the sake of kin, for the purpose of relatives

• मुख्यवाससाम् (mukhyavāsasām) - of those wearing principal garments, of those with excellent attire

• रविसोमाग्निवपुषाम् (ravisomāgnivapuṣām) - of those whose forms are like the sun, moon, and fire

• भीमम् (bhīmam) - terrible, fearsome, dreadful

• आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• वपुः (vapuḥ) - body, form, figure

Words meanings and morphology

अमर्षात् (amarṣāt) - from indignation, from anger, from intolerance

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of amarṣa

amarṣa - indignation, intolerance, impatience, anger

Derived from root mṛṣ (to bear, tolerate) with prefix 'a' (negation) and suffix 'a' (bhāva pratyaya).

Prefix: a

Root: mṛṣ (class 4)

अभितप्तानाम् (abhitaptānām) - of those tormented, of those distressed, of those afflicted

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of abhitapta

abhitapta - tormented, distressed, afflicted, heated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, to torment) with prefix 'abhi' and suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Used as a substantive here, referring to 'those who are tormented'.

ज्ञात्यर्थम् (jñātyartham) - for the sake of kin, for the purpose of relatives

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jñātyartha

jñātyartha - purpose of kin, sake of relatives

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jñāti+artha)

• jñāti – kinsman, relative, family
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, thing, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Functions adverbially to mean 'for the sake of'.

मुख्यवाससाम् (mukhyavāsasām) - of those wearing principal garments, of those with excellent attire

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of mukhyavāsas

mukhyavāsas - wearing chief garments, having principal attire

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mukhya+vāsas)

• mukhya – principal, chief, prime, main
  adjective
• vāsas – garment, clothing, apparel
  noun (neuter)
  From root vas (to wear).
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: Refers to the same 'those' as `abhitaptānām`.

रविसोमाग्निवपुषाम् (ravisomāgnivapuṣām) - of those whose forms are like the sun, moon, and fire

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of ravisomāgnivapus

ravisomāgnivapus - having the form of sun, moon, and fire

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ravi+soma+agni+vapus)

• ravi – sun
  noun (masculine)
• soma – moon, Soma (a divine intoxicating drink)
  noun (masculine)
• agni – fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
• vapus – body, form, figure, appearance
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to the same 'those' as `abhitaptānām`.

भीमम् (bhīmam) - terrible, fearsome, dreadful

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhīma

bhīma - terrible, fearsome, dreadful

From root 'bhī' (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Predicative adjective for `vapuḥ`.

आसीत् (āsīt) - was, existed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from 'tad' (that) + 'dā' (temporal suffix).

वपुः (vapuḥ) - body, form, figure

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vapus

vapus - body, form, figure, appearance

Note: Subject of the verb `āsīt`.