महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-14, chapter-56, verse-17

उत्तङ्क उवाच ।
क्व पत्नी भवतः शक्या मया द्रष्टुं नरेश्वर ।
स्वयं वापि भवान्पत्नीं किमर्थं नोपसर्पति ॥१७॥

17. uttaṅka uvāca ,
kva patnī bhavataḥ śakyā mayā draṣṭuṁ nareśvara ,
svayaṁ vāpi bhavānpatnīṁ kimarthaṁ nopasarpati.

17. uttaṅka uvāca kva patnī bhavataḥ śakyā mayā draṣṭum nara-īśvara
svayam vā api bhavān patnīm kim-artham na upasarpati

17. Uttanka said: "O lord of men (nareśvara), where can your wife be seen by me? Or why do you yourself not approach your wife?"

Words meanings summery:

• उत्तङ्क (uttaṅka) - Uttanka (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• क्व (kva) - where?

• पत्नी (patnī) - wife, mistress

• भवतः (bhavataḥ) - refers to King Saudāsa (your, of you)

• शक्या (śakyā) - able (to be), possible (to be)

• मया (mayā) - by Uttanka (by me)

• द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see

• नर-ईश्वर (nara-īśvara) - Addressing King Saudāsa (O lord of men, O king)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself

• वा (vā) - or

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• भवान् (bhavān) - refers to King Saudāsa (you (respectful))

• पत्नीम् (patnīm) - the king's wife, Madayantī (wife)

• किम्-अर्थम् (kim-artham) - why? for what purpose?

• न (na) - not

• उपसर्पति (upasarpati) - approaches, goes near

Words meanings and morphology

उत्तङ्क (uttaṅka) - Uttanka (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uttaṅka

uttaṅka - name of a sage, the pupil of sage Gautama

Note: Subject of uvāca

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active third person singular

Reduplicated perfect form of √vac

Root: vac (class 2)

क्व (kva) - where?

(indeclinable)

पत्नी (patnī) - wife, mistress

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, lady

Note: Subject of śakyā draṣṭum

भवतः (bhavataḥ) - refers to King Saudāsa (your, of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor

Respectful second person pronoun

Note: Possessive, refers to the king

शक्या (śakyā) - able (to be), possible (to be)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śakya

śakya - possible, capable, able to be done

Gerundive/future passive participle

Derived from √śak (to be able)

Root: śak (class 5)

Note: Agrees with patnī, forms a passive periphrastic construction with draṣṭum

मया (mayā) - by Uttanka (by me)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

Note: Agent of the passive construction śakyā draṣṭum

द्रष्टुम् (draṣṭum) - to see

(indeclinable)

Infinitive

Infinitive form of √dṛś (to see)

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Used with śakyā to mean 'possible to be seen'

नर-ईश्वर (nara-īśvara) - Addressing King Saudāsa (O lord of men, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nara-īśvara

nara-īśvara - lord of men, king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Addressing the king

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, by oneself

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

भवान् (bhavān) - refers to King Saudāsa (you (respectful))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhavat

bhavat - you, your honor

Respectful second person pronoun

Note: Subject of upasarpati

पत्नीम् (patnīm) - the king's wife, Madayantī (wife)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of patnī

patnī - wife, mistress, lady

Note: Object of upasarpati

किम्-अर्थम् (kim-artham) - why? for what purpose?

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kim+artha)

• kim – what? which? interrogative pronoun
  pronoun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine/neuter)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

उपसर्पति (upasarpati) - approaches, goes near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of upa-sṛp

Present active third person singular

Root √sṛp with prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: sṛp (class 1)

Note: Refers to the king