महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-38, verse-23

अलाभात्पुरुषाणां हि भयात्परिजनस्य च ।
वधबन्धभयाच्चापि स्वयं गुप्ता भवन्ति ताः ॥२३॥

23. alābhātpuruṣāṇāṁ hi bhayātparijanasya ca ,
vadhabandhabhayāccāpi svayaṁ guptā bhavanti tāḥ.

23. alābhāt puruṣāṇām hi bhayāt parijanasya ca
vadhabandhabhayāt ca api svayam guptāḥ bhavanti tāḥ

23. hi,
puruṣāṇām alābhāt,
ca parijanasya bhayāt,
ca api vadhabandhabhayāt,
tāḥ svayam guptāḥ bhavanti

23. Indeed, it is due to the unavailability of men (puruṣa), and the fear of their family members, as well as the fear of punishment by death or imprisonment, that those women guard themselves.

Words meanings summery:

• अलाभात् (alābhāt) - due to the unavailability (from the non-obtainment, from the lack, from the non-acquisition)

• पुरुषाणाम् (puruṣāṇām) - of men (puruṣa) (of men, of persons, of male beings)

• हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, surely)

• भयात् (bhayāt) - the fear (of their family members) (from fear, out of fear)

• परिजनस्य (parijanasya) - of their family members (of family members, of attendants, of retinue)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• वधबन्धभयात् (vadhabandhabhayāt) - fear of punishment by death or imprisonment (from the fear of killing and imprisonment)

• च (ca) - as well as (and, also)

• अपि (api) - also (even, also)

• स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves (by oneself, spontaneously, voluntarily)

• गुप्ताः (guptāḥ) - guard (themselves) (guarded, protected, hidden)

• भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become (guarded) (they are, they become)

• ताः (tāḥ) - those women (they, those (feminine plural))

Words meanings and morphology

अलाभात् (alābhāt) - due to the unavailability (from the non-obtainment, from the lack, from the non-acquisition)

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of alābha

alābha - non-obtainment, lack, non-acquisition, misfortune

Compound type : Nañ-Tatpurusha (a+lābha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• lābha – gain, acquisition, profit, obtainment
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root labh (to obtain, to gain).
  Root: labh (class 1)

पुरुषाणाम् (puruṣāṇām) - of men (puruṣa) (of men, of persons, of male beings)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of puruṣa

puruṣa - man, male, person, spirit, the cosmic person, soul

हि (hi) - indeed, for (indeed, for, surely)

(indeclinable)

भयात् (bhayāt) - the fear (of their family members) (from fear, out of fear)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror

Derived from the root bhī (to fear) with the suffix -a.

Root: bhī (class 3)

परिजनस्य (parijanasya) - of their family members (of family members, of attendants, of retinue)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of parijana

parijana - family, retinue, attendants, relatives

Compound type : Tatpurusha (pari+jana)

• pari – around, about, thoroughly
  indeclinable
• jana – person, people, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from the root jan (to be born, to produce).
  Root: jan (class 4)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

वधबन्धभयात् (vadhabandhabhayāt) - fear of punishment by death or imprisonment (from the fear of killing and imprisonment)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vadhabandhabhaya

vadhabandhabhaya - fear of killing and imprisonment

Compound type : Tatpurusha (vadhabandha+bhaya)

• vadhabandha – killing and imprisonment
  noun (masculine)
• bhaya – fear, dread
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from the root bhī (to fear) with the suffix -a.
  Root: bhī (class 3)

च (ca) - as well as (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also (even, also)

(indeclinable)

स्वयम् (svayam) - themselves (by oneself, spontaneously, voluntarily)

(indeclinable)

गुप्ताः (guptāḥ) - guard (themselves) (guarded, protected, hidden)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of gupta

gupta - guarded, protected, hidden, concealed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root gup (to protect, to hide) with the past passive participle suffix -ta.

Root: gup (class 1)

भवन्ति (bhavanti) - become (guarded) (they are, they become)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of bhū

Present Indicative

Derived from the root bhū, 1st conjugation, parasmaipada, third person plural.

Root: bhū (class 1)

ताः (tāḥ) - those women (they, those (feminine plural))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of tad

tad - that, those, he, she, it, they