महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-13, chapter-102, verse-20

प्रायच्छत वरं देवः प्रजानां दुःखकारकम् ।
द्विजेष्वधर्मयुक्तानि स करोति नराधमः ॥२०॥

20. prāyacchata varaṁ devaḥ prajānāṁ duḥkhakārakam ,
dvijeṣvadharmayuktāni sa karoti narādhamaḥ.

20. prāyacchata varam devaḥ prajānām duḥkhakārakam
| dvijeṣu adharmayuktāni sa karoti narādhamaḥ

20. devaḥ varam prajānām duḥkhakārakam prāyacchata
sa narādhamaḥ dvijeṣu adharmayuktāni karoti

20. The deity bestowed a boon that brought distress to the people. That vilest of men commits acts connected with unrighteousness (adharma) among the twice-born (dvijas).

Words meanings summery:

• प्रायच्छत (prāyacchata) - gave, granted, bestowed

• वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, choice

• देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity, divine being

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the creatures, of the people, of the progeny

• दुःखकारकम् (duḥkhakārakam) - causing suffering, bringing sorrow

• द्विजेषु (dvijeṣu) - among the twice-born, among the brahmins

• अधर्मयुक्तानि (adharmayuktāni) - Refers to acts or things characterized by unrighteousness. (endowed with unrighteousness, connected with injustice, unrighteous acts)

• स (sa) - he, that

• करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes

• नराधमः (narādhamaḥ) - vilest of men, wretch, lowest among men

Words meanings and morphology

प्रायच्छत (prāyacchata) - gave, granted, bestowed

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of prā-yam

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Root yam with prefix pra, 3rd person singular, active voice

Prefix: pra

Root: yam (class 3)

वरम् (varam) - boon, blessing, choice

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vara

vara - boon, blessing, excellent, choice

From root vṛ (to choose)

Root: vṛ (class 9)

देवः (devaḥ) - god, deity, divine being

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of the creatures, of the people, of the progeny

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - progeny, offspring, creatures, people

Root jan with prefix pra

Prefix: pra

Root: jan (class 4)

दुःखकारकम् (duḥkhakārakam) - causing suffering, bringing sorrow

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkhakāraka

duḥkhakāraka - causing pain, bringing sorrow, producer of suffering

Compound of duḥkha (pain/suffering) and kāraka (causing/making)

Compound type : tatpurusha (duḥkha+kāraka)

• duḥkha – pain, suffering, sorrow, distress
  noun (neuter)
• kāraka – causing, making, producing, doer
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  agent noun/karaka
  Derived from root kṛ + ṇvul suffix
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with varam.

द्विजेषु (dvijeṣu) - among the twice-born, among the brahmins

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dvija

dvija - twice-born (brahmin, kṣatriya, vaiśya), bird, tooth

Compound dvi (twice) + ja (born)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dvi+ja)

• dvi – two, twice
  indeclinable
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Derived from root jan + ḍa suffix
  Root: jan (class 4)

अधर्मयुक्तानि (adharmayuktāni) - Refers to acts or things characterized by unrighteousness. (endowed with unrighteousness, connected with injustice, unrighteous acts)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of adharmayukta

adharmayukta - connected with unrighteousness, unrighteous, impious

Compound of adharma (unrighteousness) and yukta (joined, endowed with)

Compound type : tatpurusha (adharma+yukta)

• adharma – unrighteousness, injustice, impiety, violation of natural law (dharma)
  noun (masculine)
  Negative particle 'a' + dharma
• yukta – joined, united, endowed with, engaged in, appropriate
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yuj + kta suffix
  Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Refers to acts, hence neuter plural.

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Nominative singular masculine form of tad.

करोति (karoti) - does, performs, makes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Tense

Root kṛ, 3rd person singular, active voice

Root: kṛ (class 8)

नराधमः (narādhamaḥ) - vilest of men, wretch, lowest among men

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of narādhama

narādhama - lowest of men, wretch, vile person

Compound of nara (man) and adhama (lowest, vilest)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhama)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhama – lowest, vilest, worst
  adjective (masculine/neuter)