महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-87, verse-33

एष ते लक्षणोद्देशः संक्षेपेण प्रकीर्तितः ।
यादृशं नगरं राजा स्वयमावस्तुमर्हति ॥३३॥

33. eṣa te lakṣaṇoddeśaḥ saṁkṣepeṇa prakīrtitaḥ ,
yādṛśaṁ nagaraṁ rājā svayamāvastumarhati.

33. eṣa te lakṣaṇa uddeśaḥ saṃkṣepeṇa prakīrtitaḥ
yādṛśaṃ nagaraṃ rājā svayam āvastum arhati

33. te eṣa lakṣaṇa uddeśaḥ saṃkṣepeṇa prakīrtitaḥ
yādṛśaṃ nagaraṃ rājā svayam āvastum arhati

33. This outline of characteristics, describing the kind of city a king himself ought to inhabit, has been briefly explained to you.

Words meanings summery:

• एष (eṣa) - this

• ते (te) - to you, for you, by you

• लक्षण (lakṣaṇa) - characteristic, mark, sign

• उद्देशः (uddeśaḥ) - description, outline, indication

• संक्षेपेण (saṁkṣepeṇa) - briefly, concisely

• प्रकीर्तितः (prakīrtitaḥ) - proclaimed, explained, declared

• यादृशं (yādṛśaṁ) - of what kind, such as

• नगरं (nagaraṁ) - city, town

• राजा (rājā) - king

• स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by oneself

• आवस्तुम् (āvastum) - to dwell in, to inhabit

• अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy, ought to, deserves

Words meanings and morphology

एष (eṣa) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

ते (te) - to you, for you, by you

(pronoun)

singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Enclitic form, here used in dative sense.

लक्षण (lakṣaṇa) - characteristic, mark, sign

(noun)

neuter, singular of lakṣaṇa

lakṣaṇa - mark, sign, characteristic, definition

Derived from root √lakṣ (to mark, observe)

Root: lakṣ (class 1)

Note: First part of a compound 'lakṣaṇoddeśa'.

उद्देशः (uddeśaḥ) - description, outline, indication

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of uddeśa

uddeśa - indication, description, outline, brief statement

From ud- + √diś (to point out)

Prefix: ud

Root: diś (class 6)

Note: 'Lakṣaṇoddeśaḥ' is a Tatpurusha compound: 'description of characteristics'.

संक्षेपेण (saṁkṣepeṇa) - briefly, concisely

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of saṃkṣepa

saṁkṣepa - abbreviation, summary, brevity

From saṃ- + √kṣip (to throw, cast)

Prefix: sam

Root: kṣip (class 6)

प्रकीर्तितः (prakīrtitaḥ) - proclaimed, explained, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prakīrtita

prakīrtita - proclaimed, declared, mentioned

Past Passive Participle

From pra- + √kīrt (to mention, praise)

Prefix: pra

Root: kīrt (class 10)

Note: Qualifies 'uddeśaḥ'.

यादृशं (yādṛśaṁ) - of what kind, such as

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yādṛśa

yādṛśa - such as, of what kind, similar to

Correlative to tādṛśa

Note: Qualifies 'nagaraṃ'.

नगरं (nagaraṁ) - city, town

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of nagara

nagara - city, town

Note: Object of 'āvastum arhati'.

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Subject of 'arhati'.

स्वयम् (svayam) - oneself, personally, by oneself

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes the king's personal involvement.

आवस्तुम् (āvastum) - to dwell in, to inhabit

(verb)

active, infinitive of āvastu

Infinitive

From ā- + √vas (to dwell)

Prefix: ā

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Used with 'arhati'.

अर्हति (arhati) - is worthy, ought to, deserves

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present Indicative

From root √arh

Root: arh (class 1)