महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-35, verse-31

तत्त्वं ज्ञात्वा तु सोमस्य विक्रयः स्याददूषकः ।
असमर्थस्य भृत्यस्य विसर्गः स्याददोषवान् ।
वनदाहो गवामर्थे क्रियमाणो न दूषकः ॥३१॥

31. tattvaṁ jñātvā tu somasya vikrayaḥ syādadūṣakaḥ ,
asamarthasya bhṛtyasya visargaḥ syādadoṣavān ,
vanadāho gavāmarthe kriyamāṇo na dūṣakaḥ.

31. tattvam jñātvā tu somasya vikrayaḥ
syāt adūṣakaḥ | asamarthasya bhṛtyasya
visargaḥ syāt adoṣavān | vanadāhaḥ
gavām arthe kriyamāṇaḥ na dūṣakaḥ

31. tu tattvam jñātvā somasya vikrayaḥ
adūṣakaḥ syāt asamarthasya bhṛtyasya
visargaḥ adoṣavān syāt gavām
arthe kriyamāṇaḥ vanadāhaḥ na dūṣakaḥ

31. However, knowing the true nature (tattva), the sale of Soma would be without fault. The dismissal of an incapable servant is without fault. A forest fire set for the sake of cows, when being done, is not considered a fault.

Words meanings summery:

• तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - true nature, reality, principle

• ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, after knowing

• तु (tu) - but, however

• सोमस्य (somasya) - of the ritual drink (Soma) (of Soma)

• विक्रयः (vikrayaḥ) - sale, selling

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

• अदूषकः (adūṣakaḥ) - not defiling, blameless, without fault

• असमर्थस्य (asamarthasya) - of an incapable, of an incompetent

• भृत्यस्य (bhṛtyasya) - of a servant, of an employee

• विसर्गः (visargaḥ) - dismissal, discharge, abandonment

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

• अदोषवान् (adoṣavān) - faultless, blameless

• वनदाहः (vanadāhaḥ) - forest fire, burning of a forest

• गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, for cows

• अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

• क्रियमाणः (kriyamāṇaḥ) - being done, being performed

• न (na) - not

• दूषकः (dūṣakaḥ) - a fault, defiling

Words meanings and morphology

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - true nature, reality, principle

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - reality, truth, essence, principle, true state of being (tattva)

ज्ञात्वा (jñātvā) - having known, after knowing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Root: jñā (class 9)

तु (tu) - but, however

(indeclinable)

सोमस्य (somasya) - of the ritual drink (Soma) (of Soma)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of soma

soma - Soma (a ritual drink, a plant, the moon), nectar

विक्रयः (vikrayaḥ) - sale, selling

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vikraya

vikraya - sale, selling, disposal

Noun of action

Prefix: vi

Root: krī (class 9)

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अदूषकः (adūṣakaḥ) - not defiling, blameless, without fault

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adūṣaka

adūṣaka - not defiling, not polluting, blameless, faultless

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (na+dūṣaka)

• na – not, no, non-
  indeclinable
• dūṣaka – defiling, causing fault, faulty
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root dūṣ
  Root: dūṣ (class 4)

असमर्थस्य (asamarthasya) - of an incapable, of an incompetent

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of asamartha

asamartha - incapable, incompetent, unable, unfit

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (na+samartha)

• na – not, no, non-
  indeclinable
• samartha – capable, able, competent, appropriate
  adjective (masculine)
  Prefix: sam

भृत्यस्य (bhṛtyasya) - of a servant, of an employee

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhṛtya

bhṛtya - servant, employee, one who is to be supported

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

विसर्गः (visargaḥ) - dismissal, discharge, abandonment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of visarga

visarga - dismissal, discharge, abandonment, emission, creation

Noun of action

Prefix: vi

Root: sṛj (class 6)

स्यात् (syāt) - would be, may be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

अदोषवान् (adoṣavān) - faultless, blameless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of adoṣavat

adoṣavat - faultless, blameless, without defect

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (na+doṣavat)

• na – not, no, non-
  indeclinable
• doṣavat – having fault, faulty
  adjective (masculine)
  Suffixed with -vat (possessive)

वनदाहः (vanadāhaḥ) - forest fire, burning of a forest

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vanadāha

vanadāha - forest fire, conflagration of a forest

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+dāha)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• dāha – burning, conflagration, combustion
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dah (class 1)

गवाम् (gavām) - of cows, for cows

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of go

go - cow, ox, cattle, earth, ray of light

अर्थे (arthe) - for the sake of, for the purpose of

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, object, sake, value

Note: Used idiomatically with genitive to mean 'for the sake of'.

क्रियमाणः (kriyamāṇaḥ) - being done, being performed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kriyamāṇa

kriyamāṇa - being done, being made, being performed

Present Passive Participle

Root: kṛ (class 8)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

दूषकः (dūṣakaḥ) - a fault, defiling

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dūṣaka

dūṣaka - defiling, spoiling, causing defect; a defiler, a fault

Agent noun/adjective from root dūṣ

Root: dūṣ (class 4)

Note: Used as a noun here.