महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-35, verse-25

प्राणत्राणेऽनृतं वाच्यमात्मनो वा परस्य वा ।
गुर्वर्थे स्त्रीषु चैव स्याद्विवाहकरणेषु च ॥२५॥

25. prāṇatrāṇe'nṛtaṁ vācyamātmano vā parasya vā ,
gurvarthe strīṣu caiva syādvivāhakaraṇeṣu ca.

25. prāṇatrāṇe anṛtam vācyam ātmanaḥ vā parasya vā
gurvarthe strīṣu ca eva syāt vivāhakaraṇeṣu ca

25. anṛtam vācyam syāt prāṇatrāṇe ātmanaḥ vā parasya
vā gurvarthe strīṣu ca eva vivāhakaraṇeṣu ca

25. A falsehood (anṛtam) may be spoken when saving one's own life or that of another, for the sake of a teacher (guru), concerning women, and in matters relating to marriage.

Words meanings summery:

• प्राणत्राणे (prāṇatrāṇe) - in saving life, in protecting life

• अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, a lie

• वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be spoken, to be said, to be expressed

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self

• वा (vā) - or, either

• परस्य (parasya) - of another, of someone else

• वा (vā) - or, either

• गुर्वर्थे (gurvarthe) - for the sake of a teacher, concerning a teacher

• स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - among women, concerning women, regarding women

• च (ca) - and

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

• स्यात् (syāt) - is permissible (it would be, it should be, may be)

• विवाहकरणेषु (vivāhakaraṇeṣu) - in matters of marriage, concerning marriages

• च (ca) - and

Words meanings and morphology

प्राणत्राणे (prāṇatrāṇe) - in saving life, in protecting life

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of prāṇatrāṇa

prāṇatrāṇa - protection of life, saving of life

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+trāṇa)

• prāṇa – breath, life, vital air
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an
• trāṇa – protection, safety
  noun (neuter)
  Root: trā

अनृतम् (anṛtam) - untruth, falsehood, a lie

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anṛta

anṛta - untruth, false, not true

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (an+ṛta)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• ṛta – truth, order, right, proper
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `ṛ` (to go, to move, to obtain) with `kta` suffix.
  Root: ṛ

Note: Can also be accusative singular. Here it is the object of 'should be spoken'.

वाच्यम् (vācyam) - should be spoken, to be said, to be expressed

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vācya

vācya - to be spoken, expressible, mentionable

Gerundive / Potential Passive Participle

Formed from root `vac` with suffix `-ya`.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with `anṛtam`.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, individual self (ātman), cosmic self

Root: an

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

परस्य (parasya) - of another, of someone else

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of para

para - other, another, supreme, distant

Note: Refers to "another person".

वा (vā) - or, either

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

गुर्वर्थे (gurvarthe) - for the sake of a teacher, concerning a teacher

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of gurvartha

gurvartha - the object of a teacher, for the sake of a teacher

Compound type : tatpurusha (guru+artha)

• guru – teacher, preceptor, heavy, important
  noun (masculine)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ṛdh

Note: Locative used to express purpose or context.

स्त्रीषु (strīṣu) - among women, concerning women, regarding women

(noun)

Locative, feminine, plural of strī

strī - woman, female

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just, certainly

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

स्यात् (syāt) - is permissible (it would be, it should be, may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

Optative Mood

3rd person singular, optative mood, parasmaipada.

Root: as (class 2)

विवाहकरणेषु (vivāhakaraṇeṣu) - in matters of marriage, concerning marriages

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of vivāhakaraṇa

vivāhakaraṇa - effecting marriage, arrangement of marriage

Compound type : tatpurusha (vivāha+karaṇa)

• vivāha – marriage, wedding
  noun (masculine)
  From `vah` (to carry) with `vi` prefix.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: vah
• karaṇa – making, doing, cause, instrument, action
  noun (neuter)
  From root `kṛ` (to do, make) with suffix `-ana`.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.