महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-35, verse-19

अपेतं ब्राह्मणं वृत्ताद्यो हन्यादाततायिनम् ।
न तेन ब्रह्महा स स्यान्मन्युस्तं मन्युमृच्छति ॥१९॥

19. apetaṁ brāhmaṇaṁ vṛttādyo hanyādātatāyinam ,
na tena brahmahā sa syānmanyustaṁ manyumṛcchati.

19. apetam brāhmaṇam vṛttāt yaḥ hanyāt ātatāyinam na
tena brahmahā sa syāt manyuḥ tam manyum ṛcchati

19. yaḥ vṛttāt apetam brāhmaṇam ātatāyinam hanyāt,
tena saḥ brahmahā na syāt.
manyuḥ tam manyum ṛcchati.

19. He who slays an aggressor, even if that aggressor is a Brahmin fallen from his proper conduct, does not become guilty of Brahminicide (brahmahā) by that act. The aggressor's wrath (manyu) returns to him.

Words meanings summery:

• अपेतम् (apetam) - fallen from (his conduct) (gone away, fallen from, deprived of)

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin (Brahmin, relating to Brahmins)

• वृत्तात् (vṛttāt) - from his (proper) conduct (from conduct, from behavior, from state)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

• हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill (should kill, may kill)

• आततायिनम् (ātatāyinam) - an aggressor (aggressor, one who has drawn a weapon, murderer)

• न (na) - not

• तेन (tena) - by that (act) (by that, by him)

• ब्रह्महा (brahmahā) - a killer of a Brahmin (brahmahā) (killer of a Brahmin, Brahminicide)

• स (sa) - he (the slayer) (he, that)

• स्यात् (syāt) - would be (would be, should be, may be)

• मन्युः (manyuḥ) - (the aggressor's) wrath (manyu) (wrath, anger, spirit, indignation, valor)

• तम् (tam) - him (the aggressor) (that, him, it)

• मन्युम् (manyum) - wrath (manyu) (wrath, anger, spirit, indignation)

• ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - returns to, reaches (reaches, obtains, goes to, falls into)

Words meanings and morphology

अपेतम् (apetam) - fallen from (his conduct) (gone away, fallen from, deprived of)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apeta

apeta - gone away, fallen from, deviated from, deprived of

Past Passive Participle

From `apa` + `i` (to go)

Prefix: apa

Root: i (class 2)

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a Brahmin (Brahmin, relating to Brahmins)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, member of the priestly class

Derived from `brahman`

वृत्तात् (vṛttāt) - from his (proper) conduct (from conduct, from behavior, from state)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, state, happening, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

From root `vṛt` (to be, exist, turn)

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Used here in the sense of 'good conduct' or 'virtuous practice'.

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Corresponds to `saḥ`.

हन्यात् (hanyāt) - should kill (should kill, may kill)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of han

Optative mood, third person singular

Parasmaipada

Root: han (class 2)

आततायिनम् (ātatāyinam) - an aggressor (aggressor, one who has drawn a weapon, murderer)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ātatāyin

ātatāyin - aggressor, murderer, incendiary, poisoner, one who attacks with a weapon

From `ā` + `tan` (to stretch) + `in` suffix. Lit. 'one who stretches (his bow)'.

Prefix: ā

Root: tan (class 8)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

तेन (tena) - by that (act) (by that, by him)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

ब्रह्महा (brahmahā) - a killer of a Brahmin (brahmahā) (killer of a Brahmin, Brahminicide)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of brahmahan

brahmahan - killer of a Brahmin, Brahminicide

Compound of `brahman` (Brahmin) + `han` (killer)

Compound type : tatpurusha (brahman+han)

• brahman – Brahmin, priest
  noun (masculine)
• han – killer, striker
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun from root `han` (to kill)
  Root: han (class 2)

Note: Original Sanskrit word `brahmahā` included in translation.

स (sa) - he (the slayer) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Variant of `saḥ` before soft consonants.

स्यात् (syāt) - would be (would be, should be, may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of as

Optative mood, third person singular

Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

मन्युः (manyuḥ) - (the aggressor's) wrath (manyu) (wrath, anger, spirit, indignation, valor)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - wrath, anger, spirit, passion, indignation, sinful intent, consequence

From root `man` (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Refers to the harmful intent or consequence of the aggressor.

तम् (tam) - him (the aggressor) (that, him, it)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मन्युम् (manyum) - wrath (manyu) (wrath, anger, spirit, indignation)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manyu

manyu - wrath, anger, spirit, passion, indignation, sinful intent, consequence

From root `man` (to think)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Original Sanskrit word `manyu` included in translation.

ऋच्छति (ṛcchati) - returns to, reaches (reaches, obtains, goes to, falls into)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of ṛcch

Present active, third person singular

Parasmaipada, from root `ṛc` (to move, to go), 6th class. Often written as `ṛ` (1st class) + `ccha` infix.

Root: ṛ (class 1)

Note: The subject is `manyuḥ`.