महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-35, verse-2

व्यास उवाच ।
अकुर्वन्विहितं कर्म प्रतिषिद्धानि चाचरन् ।
प्रायश्चित्तीयते ह्येवं नरो मिथ्या च वर्तयन् ॥२॥

2. vyāsa uvāca ,
akurvanvihitaṁ karma pratiṣiddhāni cācaran ,
prāyaścittīyate hyevaṁ naro mithyā ca vartayan.

2. vyāsaḥ uvāca akurvan vihitam karma pratiṣiddhāni ca
ācaran prāyaścittīyate hi evam naraḥ mithyā ca vartayan

2. vyāsaḥ uvāca naraḥ vihitam karma akurvan ca pratiṣiddhāni
ācaran ca mithyā vartayan hi evam prāyaścittīyate

2. Vyasa said: Indeed, a person who does not perform the enjoined actions (dharma), or who performs prohibited ones, and who behaves falsely, in this way incurs the need for penance (prāyaścitta).

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - not doing, not performing

• विहितम् (vihitam) - enjoined, prescribed, proper

• कर्म (karma) - action, deed

• प्रतिषिद्धानि (pratiṣiddhāni) - prohibited ones, forbidden acts

• च (ca) - and

• आचरन् (ācaran) - performing, practicing

• प्रायश्चित्तीयते (prāyaścittīyate) - becomes liable for penance, undergoes penance

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, surely

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

• नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

• मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, in vain

• च (ca) - and

• वर्तयन् (vartayan) - behaving, acting

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa, compiler, arranger (name of a revered sage)

Root: as (class 4)

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

अकुर्वन् (akurvan) - not doing, not performing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, make, perform

present active participle

Present active participle (negated with 'a-') from root kṛ, 8th class.

Prefix: a

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with naraḥ.

विहितम् (vihitam) - enjoined, prescribed, proper

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vihita

vihita - enjoined, prescribed, arranged, performed, appropriate

past passive participle

Past passive participle from root dhā with prefix vi-.

Prefix: vi

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with karma.

कर्म (karma) - action, deed

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual action

Root: kṛ (class 8)

प्रतिषिद्धानि (pratiṣiddhāni) - prohibited ones, forbidden acts

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of pratiṣiddha

pratiṣiddha - prohibited, forbidden, averted

past passive participle

Past passive participle from root sidh with prefix prati-.

Prefix: prati

Root: sidh (class 1)

Note: Used substantively, referring to 'prohibited actions'.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आचरन् (ācaran) - performing, practicing

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācar

ācar - to perform, practice, behave, approach

present active participle

Present active participle from root car with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Agrees with naraḥ.

प्रायश्चित्तीयते (prāyaścittīyate) - becomes liable for penance, undergoes penance

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of prāyaścittīya

denominative

Denominative verb derived from prāyaścitta (penance, expiation) with suffix -īya, meaning 'to become liable for/to undergo prāyaścitta'.

Note: Denominative from prāyaścitta.

हि (hi) - indeed, because, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle of emphasis or cause.

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this manner

(indeclinable)

नरः (naraḥ) - a man, a person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nara

nara - man, person, human being

मिथ्या (mithyā) - falsely, wrongly, in vain

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

वर्तयन् (vartayan) - behaving, acting

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vṛt

vṛt - to be, exist, occur, behave, act

present active participle (causative stem)

Present active participle from causative stem of root vṛt (vartay-).

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Agrees with naraḥ.