महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-35, verse-20

प्राणात्यये तथाज्ञानादाचरन्मदिरामपि ।
अचोदितो धर्मपरः पुनः संस्कारमर्हति ॥२०॥

20. prāṇātyaye tathājñānādācaranmadirāmapi ,
acodito dharmaparaḥ punaḥ saṁskāramarhati.

20. prāṇātyaye tathā ajñānāt ācaran madirām api
acoditaḥ dharmaparaḥ punaḥ saṃskāram arhati

20. tathā prāṇātyaye ajñānāt api madirām ācaran
acoditaḥ dharmaparaḥ punaḥ saṃskāram arhati

20. Similarly, a person devoted to natural law (dharma), who consumes intoxicating liquor either in a life-threatening situation or due to ignorance, and who was not prompted (to do so as a penance), is again worthy of a purificatory rite (saṃskāra).

Words meanings summery:

• प्राणात्यये (prāṇātyaye) - in a life-threatening situation (in case of danger to life, when life is at risk)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly)

• अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to ignorance (from ignorance, out of ignorance)

• आचरन् (ācaran) - consuming (practicing, doing, consuming, behaving)

• मदिराम् (madirām) - intoxicating liquor (intoxicating liquor, wine, spirituous drink)

• अपि (api) - even (if in such a situation) (even, also)

• अचोदितः (acoditaḥ) - not prompted (to do so as a penance) (unprompted, unbidden, not enjoined)

• धर्मपरः (dharmaparaḥ) - devoted to natural law (dharma) (devoted to natural law (dharma), righteous, supreme in natural law)

• पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

• संस्कारम् (saṁskāram) - a purificatory rite (saṃskāra) (purificatory rite, sacred ceremony, mental impression, refinement)

• अर्हति (arhati) - deserves (deserves, is worthy of, ought)

Words meanings and morphology

प्राणात्यये (prāṇātyaye) - in a life-threatening situation (in case of danger to life, when life is at risk)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of prāṇātyaya

prāṇātyaya - danger to life, destruction of life

Compound of `prāṇa` (life) + `atyaya` (danger, passing away)

Compound type : tatpurusha (prāṇa+atyaya)

• prāṇa – life, breath, vital air
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: pra
  Root: an (class 2)
• atyaya – danger, passing away, transgression, end
  noun (masculine)
  From `ati` + `i` (to go)
  Prefix: ati
  Root: i (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - similarly (thus, so, similarly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects this verse to previous ideas.

अज्ञानात् (ajñānāt) - due to ignorance (from ignorance, out of ignorance)

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of ajñāna

ajñāna - ignorance, nescience

Negative compound of `a` + `jñāna` (knowledge)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+jñāna)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• jñāna – knowledge, wisdom
  noun (neuter)
  From root `jñā` (to know)
  Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Indicates the reason for consuming liquor.

आचरन् (ācaran) - consuming (practicing, doing, consuming, behaving)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ācarat

ācarat - practicing, doing, consuming, behaving

Present active participle

From root `car` (to move, to practice) with prefix `ā`

Prefix: ā

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Functions as the subject's action.

मदिराम् (madirām) - intoxicating liquor (intoxicating liquor, wine, spirituous drink)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of madirā

madirā - intoxicating liquor, wine, spirituous drink

From root `mad` (to be intoxicated)

Root: mad (class 4)

अपि (api) - even (if in such a situation) (even, also)

(indeclinable)

अचोदितः (acoditaḥ) - not prompted (to do so as a penance) (unprompted, unbidden, not enjoined)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of acodita

acodita - unprompted, unbidden, not enjoined, not commanded

Past Passive Participle (`codita`) in negative compound

Negative compound of `a` + `codita` (prompted, enjoined)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+codita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• codita – prompted, enjoined, ordered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `cud` (to impel, prompt)
  Root: cud (class 10)

Note: Modifies the implicit subject of `arhati`.

धर्मपरः (dharmaparaḥ) - devoted to natural law (dharma) (devoted to natural law (dharma), righteous, supreme in natural law)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmapara

dharmapara - devoted to natural law, intent on righteousness, one who follows natural law

Compound of `dharma` (natural law) + `para` (supreme, intent on)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+para)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• para – supreme, devoted to, intent on, ultimate
  adjective (masculine)

पुनः (punaḥ) - again (again, anew, furthermore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Implies a second rite or a restoration of status.

संस्कारम् (saṁskāram) - a purificatory rite (saṃskāra) (purificatory rite, sacred ceremony, mental impression, refinement)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃskāra

saṁskāra - purificatory rite, sacred ceremony, sacrament, refinement, mental impression, innate disposition

From `sam` + `kṛ` (to do, make) + `ghañ` suffix.

Prefix: sam

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अर्हति (arhati) - deserves (deserves, is worthy of, ought)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of arh

Present active, third person singular

Parasmaipada, from root `arh` (1st class)

Root: arh (class 1)