महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-319, verse-3

ततः स प्राङ्मुखो विद्वानादित्ये नचिरोदिते ।
पाणिपादं समाधाय विनीतवदुपाविशत् ॥३॥

3. tataḥ sa prāṅmukho vidvānāditye nacirodite ,
pāṇipādaṁ samādhāya vinītavadupāviśat.

3. tataḥ sa prāṅmukhaḥ vidvān āditye nacirodite
pāṇipādam samādhāya vinītavat upāviśat

3. tataḥ sa vidvān prāṅmukhaḥ āditye nacirodite
pāṇipādam samādhāya vinītavat upāviśat

3. Then, that wise one (vidvān), facing east, with the sun (āditya) having just risen, humbly sat down, having composed his hands and feet (into a meditative posture).

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - next in the sequence of actions (then, thereupon, from there)

• स (sa) - Shuka, the subject of the previous verses (he, that)

• प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - assuming a meditative posture looking towards the east (facing east)

• विद्वान् (vidvān) - Shuka, possessing great spiritual knowledge and insight (learned, wise, knowing)

• आदित्ये (āditye) - refers to the sun, indicating the time of day for his meditation (in the sun, when the sun)

• नचिरोदिते (nacirodite) - just after sunrise, an auspicious time for spiritual practice (when not long risen, recently risen)

• पाणिपादम् (pāṇipādam) - arranging his limbs (hands and feet) in a meditative posture (hands and feet)

• समाधाय (samādhāya) - having arranged his hands and feet in a suitable meditative posture (having composed, having placed, having fixed)

• विनीतवत् (vinītavat) - with a humble and disciplined demeanor suitable for spiritual practice (respectfully, humbly, disciplinedly)

• उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - he took his seat for spiritual practice (he sat down)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - next in the sequence of actions (then, thereupon, from there)

(indeclinable)

Ablative of tad, used as an adverb.

स (sa) - Shuka, the subject of the previous verses (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Masculine singular nominative form of the demonstrative pronoun tad.

Note: Subject of the sentence.

प्राङ्मुखः (prāṅmukhaḥ) - assuming a meditative posture looking towards the east (facing east)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prāṅmukha

prāṅmukha - facing east, eastward-facing

Bahuvrīhi compound: 'prāñc' (eastward) + 'mukha' (face). 'One whose face is to the east.'

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (prāñc+mukha)

• prāñc – eastern, eastward
  adjective (masculine)
• mukha – face, mouth, opening, front
  noun (neuter)
  From root muc (to release).
  Root: muc (class 6)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sa' (Shuka).

विद्वान् (vidvān) - Shuka, possessing great spiritual knowledge and insight (learned, wise, knowing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vidvat

vidvat - knowing, learned, wise, intelligent

Present Active Participle

Present active participle of root vid (to know).

Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Predicative adjective for 'sa' (Shuka).

आदित्ये (āditye) - refers to the sun, indicating the time of day for his meditation (in the sun, when the sun)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āditya

āditya - the sun, son of Aditi (a deity)

Derived from Aditi.

नचिरोदिते (nacirodite) - just after sunrise, an auspicious time for spiritual practice (when not long risen, recently risen)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of nacirodita

nacirodita - not long risen, recently risen

Past Passive Participle (negative compound)

Na (not) + cira (long time) + udita (risen). A compound formed with a negative particle and two parts.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (na+cira+udita)

• na – not, no
  indeclinable
  Negative particle.
• cira – long (time), lasting
  adjective (masculine)
• udita – risen, ascended, uttered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix ud-.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Describes the sun, forming a locative absolute construction.

पाणिपादम् (pāṇipādam) - arranging his limbs (hands and feet) in a meditative posture (hands and feet)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāṇipāda

pāṇipāda - hands and feet

Dvandva compound: 'pāṇi' (hand) + 'pāda' (foot). The neuter singular form is common for dvandva compounds denoting body parts.

Compound type : dvandva (pāṇi+pāda)

• pāṇi – hand
  noun (masculine)
• pāda – foot, leg
  noun (masculine)
  From root pad (to go, to walk).
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Used as a collective noun for 'hands and feet', object of 'samādhāya'.

समाधाय (samādhāya) - having arranged his hands and feet in a suitable meditative posture (having composed, having placed, having fixed)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive / Gerund

Formed with prefixes sam- and ā- and the suffix -ya to the root dhā.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: An absolutive (gerund) indicating an action preceding 'upāviśat'.

विनीतवत् (vinītavat) - with a humble and disciplined demeanor suitable for spiritual practice (respectfully, humbly, disciplinedly)

(indeclinable)

Formed by adding the suffix -vat to 'vinīta' (modest, disciplined). Functions as an adverb.

Note: Describes the manner in which Shuka sat down.

उपाविशत् (upāviśat) - he took his seat for spiritual practice (he sat down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upaviś

Imperfect Active, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular

Formed with prefix upa- and root viś. Augment 'a' for imperfect.

Prefix: upa

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Main verb of the narration.