महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-319, verse-18

तमापतन्तं सहसा दृष्ट्वा सर्वाप्सरोगणाः ।
संभ्रान्तमनसो राजन्नासन्परमविस्मिताः ।
पञ्चचूडाप्रभृतयो भृशमुत्फुल्ललोचनाः ॥१८॥

18. tamāpatantaṁ sahasā dṛṣṭvā sarvāpsarogaṇāḥ ,
saṁbhrāntamanaso rājannāsanparamavismitāḥ ,
pañcacūḍāprabhṛtayo bhṛśamutphullalocanāḥ.

18. tam āpatantam sahasā dṛṣṭvā
sarvāpsarogaṇāḥ sambhrāntamanasaḥ
rājan āsan paramavismitāḥ
pañcacūḍāprabhṛtayaḥ bhṛśam utphullalocanāḥ

18. rājan,
sahasā tam āpatantam dṛṣṭvā sarvāpsarogaṇāḥ sambhrāntamanasaḥ paramavismitāḥ āsan pañcacūḍāprabhṛtayaḥ bhṛśam utphullalocanāḥ

18. O King, seeing him suddenly approaching, all the hosts of celestial nymphs (apsarogaṇāḥ), with agitated minds, became utterly astonished. Those like Pañcacūḍā and others had their eyes greatly wide open.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

• सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly

• दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

• सर्वाप्सरोगणाः (sarvāpsarogaṇāḥ) - all the hosts of celestial nymphs (apsarogaṇāḥ) (all groups of celestial nymphs, all celestial nymphs)

• सम्भ्रान्तमनसः (sambhrāntamanasaḥ) - with agitated minds, bewildered

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• आसन् (āsan) - they were, they became

• परमविस्मिताः (paramavismitāḥ) - greatly astonished, supremely amazed

• पञ्चचूडाप्रभृतयः (pañcacūḍāprabhṛtayaḥ) - Those like Pañcacūḍā and others (Pañcacūḍā and the like, starting with Pañcacūḍā)

• भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly

• उत्फुल्ललोचनाः (utphullalocanāḥ) - with wide-open eyes, eyes blooming open

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.

आपतन्तम् (āpatantam) - approaching, falling upon

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āpatat

āpatat - approaching, falling down

Present Active Participle

From root 'pat' with prefix 'ā'.

Prefix: ā

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Describes the state of 'tam'.

सहसा (sahasā) - suddenly, forcibly

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'sahas' (force).

Note: Modifies 'dṛṣṭvā'.

दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root 'dṛś'.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

सर्वाप्सरोगणाः (sarvāpsarogaṇāḥ) - all the hosts of celestial nymphs (apsarogaṇāḥ) (all groups of celestial nymphs, all celestial nymphs)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sarvāpsarogaṇa

sarvāpsarogaṇa - assembly of all Apsaras, hosts of celestial nymphs

Compound of 'sarva' (all) + 'apsaras' (celestial nymph) + 'gaṇa' (group, host).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva+apsaras+gaṇa)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective (masculine)
• apsaras – celestial nymph
  noun (feminine)
  Literally 'moving in water'.
  Prefix: ap
  Root: sṛ (class 1)
• gaṇa – group, host, multitude, troop
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'gaṇ' (to count).
  Root: gaṇ (class 10)

Note: Subject of 'āsan'.

सम्भ्रान्तमनसः (sambhrāntamanasaḥ) - with agitated minds, bewildered

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of sambhrāntamanas

sambhrāntamanas - having a bewildered or agitated mind

Compound of 'sambhrānta' (confused, agitated) + 'manas' (mind).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sambhrānta+manas)

• sambhrānta – agitated, confused, bewildered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'bhram' with prefix 'sam'.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: bhram (class 1)
• manas – mind, intellect, heart
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'man'.
  Root: man (class 4)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Root 'rāj' (to rule).

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Address to the listener.

आसन् (āsan) - they were, they became

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Imperfect tense (Laṅ), active voice

From root 'as'.

Root: as (class 2)

Note: The main verb.

परमविस्मिताः (paramavismitāḥ) - greatly astonished, supremely amazed

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of paramavismita

paramavismita - greatly astonished, supremely amazed

Compound of 'parama' (supreme) + 'vismita' (astonished).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (parama+vismita)

• parama – supreme, highest, excellent
  adjective
• vismita – astonished, amazed, wondering
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'smi' with prefix 'vi'.
  Prefix: vi
  Root: smi (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective.

पञ्चचूडाप्रभृतयः (pañcacūḍāprabhṛtayaḥ) - Those like Pañcacūḍā and others (Pañcacūḍā and the like, starting with Pañcacūḍā)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of pañcacūḍāprabhṛti

pañcacūḍāprabhṛti - 'beginning with Pañcacūḍā', Pañcacūḍā and others

Compound of 'Pañcacūḍā' (a proper name of an Apsaras) + 'prabhṛti' (beginning with, etc.).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pañcacūḍā+prabhṛti)

• pañcacūḍā – name of an Apsaras (literally 'five-crested')
  proper noun (feminine)
  Compound of 'pañca' (five) + 'cūḍā' (crest, topknot).
• prabhṛti – beginning, starting from, etc., and so forth
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'bhṛ' with prefix 'pra'.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Describes 'sarvāpsarogaṇāḥ'.

भृशम् (bhṛśam) - greatly, exceedingly

(indeclinable)

Adverbial form.

उत्फुल्ललोचनाः (utphullalocanāḥ) - with wide-open eyes, eyes blooming open

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of utphullalocana

utphullalocana - having wide-open eyes, with eyes full-blown (like flowers)

Compound of 'utphulla' (bloomed, opened) + 'locana' (eye).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (utphulla+locana)

• utphulla – bloomed, opened, expanded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'phul' with prefix 'ud'.
  Prefix: ud
  Root: phul (class 1)
• locana – eye
  noun (neuter)
  From root 'loc' (to see).
  Root: loc (class 10)

Note: Predicate adjective, describing the apsarases.