महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-24, verse-30

भ्रातुरस्य हितं वाक्यं शृणु धर्मज्ञसत्तम ।
दण्ड एव हि राजेन्द्र क्षत्रधर्मो न मुण्डनम् ॥३०॥

30. bhrāturasya hitaṁ vākyaṁ śṛṇu dharmajñasattama ,
daṇḍa eva hi rājendra kṣatradharmo na muṇḍanam.

30. bhrātuḥ asya hitam vākyam śṛṇu dharmañjasattama
daṇḍaḥ eva hi rājendra kṣatradharmaḥ na muṇḍanam

30. dharmañjasattama rājendra asya bhrātuḥ hitam vākyam
śṛṇu hi daṇḍaḥ eva kṣatradharmaḥ na muṇḍanam

30. Listen to the beneficial words of this brother, O foremost among those who know the natural law (dharma)! Indeed, O king of kings, the intrinsic nature (dharma) of warriors (kṣatra) is punishment, not ascetic tonsure.

Words meanings summery:

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

• अस्य (asya) - of this, his

• हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

• धर्मञ्जसत्तम (dharmañjasattama) - O best among those who know dharma

• दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, rod, staff

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because (particle of emphasis or cause)

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O chief of kings

• क्षत्रधर्मः (kṣatradharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) of warriors (the duty of warriors, the intrinsic nature of a kṣatriya)

• न (na) - not

• मुण्डनम् (muṇḍanam) - shaving of the head, tonsure (an ascetic practice)

Words meanings and morphology

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of the brother

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

अस्य (asya) - of this, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

हितम् (hitam) - beneficial, salutary, good

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of hita

hita - beneficial, salutary, good, friendly

Past Passive Participle

Derived from the root 'dhā' (to place) with the prefix 'hi-' (well, properly).

Prefix: hi

Root: dhā (class 3)

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - word, sentence, speech, statement

Root: vac

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Root: śru (class 5)

धर्मञ्जसत्तम (dharmañjasattama) - O best among those who know dharma

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dharmañjasattama

dharmañjasattama - foremost among the knowers of dharma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña+sattama)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, natural law
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ
• jña – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from the root 'jñā' (to know).
  Root: jñā (class 9)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative degree of 'sat' (good, virtuous).

दण्डः (daṇḍaḥ) - punishment, rod, staff

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of daṇḍa

daṇḍa - stick, rod, staff, punishment, chastisement, fine, authority

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, because (particle of emphasis or cause)

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O king of kings, O chief of kings

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king of kings, paramount ruler

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• indra – lord, chief, the deity Indra
  noun (masculine)

क्षत्रधर्मः (kṣatradharmaḥ) - the intrinsic nature (dharma) of warriors (the duty of warriors, the intrinsic nature of a kṣatriya)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣatradharma

kṣatradharma - the duty or intrinsic nature of a kṣatriya (warrior)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kṣatra+dharma)

• kṣatra – warrior class, sovereignty, power
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – duty, righteousness, intrinsic nature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

मुण्डनम् (muṇḍanam) - shaving of the head, tonsure (an ascetic practice)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of muṇḍana

muṇḍana - shaving, tonsure, cutting hair

Root: muṇḍ