महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-24, verse-26

लिखित उवाच ।
किं नु नाहं त्वया पूतः पूर्वमेव महाद्युते ।
यस्य ते तपसो वीर्यमीदृशं द्विजसत्तम ॥२६॥

26. likhita uvāca ,
kiṁ nu nāhaṁ tvayā pūtaḥ pūrvameva mahādyute ,
yasya te tapaso vīryamīdṛśaṁ dvijasattama.

26. likhitaḥ uvāca kim nu na aham tvayā pūtaḥ pūrvam eva
mahādyute yasya te tapasaḥ vīryam īdṛśam dvijasattama

26. likhitaḥ uvāca mahādyute kim nu aham tvayā pūrvam eva
na pūtaḥ dvijasattama yasya te tapasaḥ vīryam īdṛśam

26. Likhita spoke: 'O highly effulgent one (mahādyute), was I not purified by you even before? O best among the twice-born (dvijasattama), whose austerity (tapas) has such power (vīrya)!'

Words meanings summery:

• लिखितः (likhitaḥ) - Likhita (proper name of the speaker) (written, Likhita (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - Likhita spoke (he said, he spoke)

• किम् (kim) - interrogative particle 'whether' (what? why? whether?)

• नु (nu) - indeed, particle of interrogation or emphasis (now, indeed, then, whether)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Likhita) (I, myself)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Śaṅkha) (by you)

• पूतः (pūtaḥ) - purified (from sin) (purified, clean, holy)

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, even before (the punishment) (before, formerly, previously)

• एव (eva) - even (indeed, only, just)

• महाद्युते (mahādyute) - O highly effulgent one (referring to Śaṅkha) (O greatly effulgent one)

• यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to Śaṅkha's austerity) (whose, of which, of whom)

• ते (te) - your (referring to Śaṅkha) (to you, your)

• तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of (your) austerity (tapas) (of austerity, of penance)

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - power, efficacy (of austerity) (power, strength, valor, virility)

• ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such (powerful), of this kind (such, of this kind)

• द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best among the brahmins (referring to Śaṅkha) (O best among the twice-born)

Words meanings and morphology

लिखितः (likhitaḥ) - Likhita (proper name of the speaker) (written, Likhita (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of likhita

likhita - written, Likhita (proper name of a sage)

past passive participle (used as a name)

From root 'likh' (to write) with suffix -ta. Here used as a proper name. Masculine singular nominative.

Root: likh (class 6)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - Likhita spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect past (lit) of vac

perfect past tense

Root 'vac' (2nd class), 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

किम् (kim) - interrogative particle 'whether' (what? why? whether?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative pronoun used as an indeclinable particle.

नु (nu) - indeed, particle of interrogation or emphasis (now, indeed, then, whether)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative or emphatic particle.

Note: Used with 'kim' to form a question.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

अहम् (aham) - I (Likhita) (I, myself)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, myself

First person singular nominative.

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'am' or 'was' in conjunction with 'pūtaḥ'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Śaṅkha) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person singular instrumental.

Note: Agent in passive construction with 'pūtaḥ'.

पूतः (pūtaḥ) - purified (from sin) (purified, clean, holy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pūta

pūta - purified, clean, holy, cleansed

past passive participle

From root 'pū' (to purify) with past passive participle suffix -ta. Masculine singular nominative, agreeing with 'aham'.

Root: pū (class 1)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - previously, even before (the punishment) (before, formerly, previously)

(indeclinable)

Accusative singular neuter of the adjective 'pūrva' used adverbially.

एव (eva) - even (indeed, only, just)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

महाद्युते (mahādyute) - O highly effulgent one (referring to Śaṅkha) (O greatly effulgent one)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahādyuti

mahādyuti - great splendor, highly effulgent, brilliant

Compound noun/adjective, vocative singular masculine. Meaning 'one possessing great splendor'.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+dyuti)

• mahā – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• dyuti – splendor, brilliance, light
  noun (feminine)
  From root 'dyut' (to shine).
  Root: dyut (class 1)

Note: Refers to Śaṅkha.

यस्य (yasya) - whose (referring to Śaṅkha's austerity) (whose, of which, of whom)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

Relative pronoun, masculine singular genitive.

ते (te) - your (referring to Śaṅkha) (to you, your)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person singular genitive (enclitic form).

Note: Often used as an enclitic dative or genitive of 'yuṣmad'.

तपसः (tapasaḥ) - of (your) austerity (tapas) (of austerity, of penance)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, heat, spiritual fervor

Neuter singular genitive.

Root: tap (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'vīryam'.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - power, efficacy (of austerity) (power, strength, valor, virility)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - power, strength, valor, energy, efficacy

Neuter singular nominative. Derived from 'vīra' (hero) with the suffix '-ya'.

Note: Subject of implied 'is'.

ईदृशम् (īdṛśam) - such (powerful), of this kind (such, of this kind)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of īdṛśa

īdṛśa - such, of this kind

Neuter singular nominative, agreeing with 'vīryam'. Formed from 'idam' (this) and 'dṛś' (to see).

Root: dṛś

द्विजसत्तम (dvijasattama) - O best among the brahmins (referring to Śaṅkha) (O best among the twice-born)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of dvijasattama

dvijasattama - best among the twice-born (brahmins)

Compound noun, superlative form. Vocative singular masculine. Meaning 'most excellent among the twice-born'.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dvija+sattama)

• dvija – twice-born (Brahmin, Kṣatriya, Vaiśya), bird, tooth
  noun (masculine)
  Compound 'dvi-ja' (born twice).
  Root: jan (class 4)
• sattama – best, most excellent
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative suffix -tama added to 'sat' (good, existing).
  Root: as (class 2)

Note: Refers to Śaṅkha.