महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-24, verse-23

व्यास उवाच ।
तस्य तद्वचनं श्रुत्वा शङ्खस्य लिखितस्तदा ।
अवगाह्यापगां पुण्यामुदकार्थं प्रचक्रमे ॥२३॥

23. vyāsa uvāca ,
tasya tadvacanaṁ śrutvā śaṅkhasya likhitastadā ,
avagāhyāpagāṁ puṇyāmudakārthaṁ pracakrame.

23. vyāsaḥ uvāca tasya tat vacanam śrutvā śaṅkhasya likhitaḥ
tadā avagāhya āpagām puṇyām udaka-artham pracakrame

23. vyāsaḥ uvāca tadā likhitaḥ tasya śaṅkhasya tat vacanam
śrutvā puṇyām āpagām avagāhya udaka-artham pracakrame

23. Vyasa said: "Then, having heard that speech of Shankha, Lichita immersed himself in the sacred river and commenced the water ritual."

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - The sage Vyasa, narrator of this part. (Vyasa (name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

• तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Shankha. (his, of him, of that)

• तत् (tat) - Referring to the preceding 'word' or speech. (that)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - The words spoken by Shankha. (word, speech, command)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

• शङ्खस्य (śaṅkhasya) - Refers to the words of Shankha. (of Shankha)

• लिखितः (likhitaḥ) - The sage Lichita, brother of Shankha. (Lichita (name))

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - Immersing himself in the river. (having immersed, having plunged into)

• आपगाम् (āpagām) - The sacred river Bahudā (mentioned in the previous verse, implied here). (to the river)

• पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - Describing the river as sacred. (sacred, pure, meritorious)

• उदक-अर्थम् (udaka-artham) - For performing rituals involving water. (for the purpose of water, for water rites)

• प्रचक्रमे (pracakrame) - Began the water rituals. (he began, he undertook, he started)

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - The sage Vyasa, narrator of this part. (Vyasa (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (name of a celebrated sage, compiler of the Vedas)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said, he spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect active of root vac (2nd class)

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्य (tasya) - Refers to Shankha. (his, of him, of that)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'śaṅkhasya'.

तत् (tat) - Referring to the preceding 'word' or speech. (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

वचनम् (vacanam) - The words spoken by Shankha. (word, speech, command)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, saying

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of 'śrutvā'.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard, after hearing

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root śru (5th class) with suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

शङ्खस्य (śaṅkhasya) - Refers to the words of Shankha. (of Shankha)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - conch-shell; a name

Note: Qualifies 'vacanam'.

लिखितः (likhitaḥ) - The sage Lichita, brother of Shankha. (Lichita (name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of likhita

likhita - Lichita (proper name)

Note: Subject of 'pracakrame'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

अवगाह्य (avagāhya) - Immersing himself in the river. (having immersed, having plunged into)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root gāh (1st class) with upasarga ava, and suffix -ya (after prefix)

Prefix: ava

Root: gāh (class 1)

आपगाम् (āpagām) - The sacred river Bahudā (mentioned in the previous verse, implied here). (to the river)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āpagā

āpagā - river

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Object of 'avagāhya'.

पुण्याम् (puṇyām) - Describing the river as sacred. (sacred, pure, meritorious)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of puṇya

puṇya - sacred, pure, holy, meritorious

Note: Qualifies 'āpagām'.

उदक-अर्थम् (udaka-artham) - For performing rituals involving water. (for the purpose of water, for water rites)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (udaka+artha)

• udaka – water
  noun (neuter)
• artha – purpose, meaning, object
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial.

प्रचक्रमे (pracakrame) - Began the water rituals. (he began, he undertook, he started)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (liṭ) of kram

perfect tense

3rd person singular perfect middle (Ātmanepada) of root kram (1st class) with upasarga pra

Prefix: pra

Root: kram (class 1)