महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-24, verse-2

व्यास उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
शङ्खश्च लिखितश्चास्तां भ्रातरौ संयतव्रतौ ॥२॥

2. vyāsa uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
śaṅkhaśca likhitaścāstāṁ bhrātarau saṁyatavratau.

2. vyāsaḥ uvāca atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam purātanam
śaṅkhaḥ ca likhitaḥ ca āstām bhrātarau saṃyatavratau

2. vyāsaḥ uvāca atra api imam purātanam itihāsam udāharanti
śaṅkhaḥ ca likhitaḥ ca saṃyatavratau bhrātarau āstām

2. Vyāsa said: "Here, they also relate this ancient narrative (itihāsa): Śaṅkha and Likhita were two brothers who observed strict vows (saṃyatavrata)."

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• अत्र (atra) - here, in this context

• अपि (api) - also, even

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they mention

• इमम् (imam) - this

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient narrative (itihāsa) (narrative, history, legend)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

• शङ्खः (śaṅkhaḥ) - Śaṅkha

• च (ca) - and

• लिखितः (likhitaḥ) - Likhita

• च (ca) - and

• आस्ताम् (āstām) - they two were

• भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - two brothers

• संयतव्रतौ (saṁyatavratau) - observing strict vows, of controlled discipline

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyāsa

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyāsa (a revered sage, compiler of the Vedas and author of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

perfect tense

root vac, perfect tense, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - here, in this context

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they cite, they relate, they mention

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (lat) of udāhṛ

present tense

root hṛ with prefixes ud-ā, 1st conjugation, present tense, parasmaipada

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

इमम् (imam) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient narrative (itihāsa) (narrative, history, legend)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, tradition, narrative (itihāsa)

from 'iti ha āsa' - 'thus it was'

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient, old

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, former, primeval

derived from purā (formerly)

शङ्खः (śaṅkhaḥ) - Śaṅkha

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śaṅkha

śaṅkha - Śaṅkha (a proper name, one of the two brothers)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

लिखितः (likhitaḥ) - Likhita

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of likhita

likhita - Likhita (a proper name, one of the two brothers)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

आस्ताम् (āstām) - they two were

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, imperfect (luṅ) of as

imperfect tense

root as, 2nd conjugation, imperfect tense, parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

भ्रातरौ (bhrātarau) - two brothers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

संयतव्रतौ (saṁyatavratau) - observing strict vows, of controlled discipline

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, dual of saṃyatavrata

saṁyatavrata - one who has restrained vows, observing strict discipline

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (saṃyata+vrata)

• saṃyata – restrained, controlled, disciplined
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root yam with prefix sam
  Prefix: sam
  Root: yam (class 1)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)