महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-237, verse-5

एकश्चरति यः पश्यन्न जहाति न हीयते ।
अनग्निरनिकेतः स्याद्ग्राममन्नार्थमाश्रयेत् ॥५॥

5. ekaścarati yaḥ paśyanna jahāti na hīyate ,
anagniraniketaḥ syādgrāmamannārthamāśrayet.

5. ekaḥ carati yaḥ paśyan na jahāti na hīyate
anagniḥ aniketaḥ syāt grāmam annārtham āśrayet

5. yaḥ ekaḥ paśyan carati na jahāti na hīyate
anagniḥ aniketaḥ syāt annārtham grāmam āśrayet

5. One who wanders alone, perceiving (truth), neither abandons (his duties/path) nor is abandoned (by the path/truth). He should be without ritual fire and without a fixed abode; he should resort to a village for the sake of food.

Words meanings summery:

• एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, solitary (one, single, alone)

• चरति (carati) - he wanders (as an ascetic) (he wanders, he moves, he acts)

• यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which (masculine singular nominative))

• पश्यन् (paśyan) - perceiving (truth, reality) (seeing, perceiving)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• जहाति (jahāti) - he abandons (his duties, the path, or what is to be renounced) (he abandons, he gives up)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• हीयते (hīyate) - he is abandoned (by the truth, by the path) or he declines, is lost (he is abandoned, he is left, he is deprived)

• अनग्निः (anagniḥ) - without ritual fire (a characteristic of a renunciate) (without fire, fireless)

• अनिकेतः (aniketaḥ) - without a fixed abode (without a dwelling, homeless)

• स्यात् (syāt) - he should be (he should be, it may be)

• ग्रामम् (grāmam) - a village (as a source for alms) (village)

• अन्नार्थम् (annārtham) - for the purpose of obtaining food (as alms) (for the sake of food)

• आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - he should resort to (for alms) (he should resort to, he should take refuge in)

Words meanings and morphology

एकः (ekaḥ) - alone, solitary (one, single, alone)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, single, alone, unique

Note: Refers to the wandering ascetic.

चरति (carati) - he wanders (as an ascetic) (he wanders, he moves, he acts)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Present (laṭ) of car

Root: car (class 1)

Note: Describes the action of the 'one who'.

यः (yaḥ) - he who (who, which (masculine singular nominative))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Relative pronoun, referring to the ascetic.

पश्यन् (paśyan) - perceiving (truth, reality) (seeing, perceiving)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of paśyat

paśyat - seeing

Present Active Participle

Derived from root dṛś (to see), with the stem paśya- in present tense.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Modifies yaḥ.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

जहाति (jahāti) - he abandons (his duties, the path, or what is to be renounced) (he abandons, he gives up)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Present (laṭ) of hā

Root hā (3rd class, reduplicated).

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Active voice.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negation particle.

हीयते (hīyate) - he is abandoned (by the truth, by the path) or he declines, is lost (he is abandoned, he is left, he is deprived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, Present (laṭ) of hā

Root hā (3rd class), passive voice form.

Root: hā (class 3)

Note: Passive voice, often implying "he does not decline/is not lost".

अनग्निः (anagniḥ) - without ritual fire (a characteristic of a renunciate) (without fire, fireless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anagni

anagni - without fire, fireless

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+agni)

• an – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix 'a' changing to 'an' before a vowel.
• agni – fire, sacrificial fire, god of fire
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ag (class 1)

Note: Describes the ascetic. A renunciate gives up the ritual fires.

अनिकेतः (aniketaḥ) - without a fixed abode (without a dwelling, homeless)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of aniketa

aniketa - without a dwelling, homeless, houseless

Compound type : nañ-bahuvrihi (a+niketa)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• niketa – house, dwelling, abode, home
  noun (masculine)
  Prefix: ni
  Root: kit (class 1)

Note: Describes the ascetic.

स्यात् (syāt) - he should be (he should be, it may be)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative/Potential (vidhiliṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Expresses a rule or recommendation.

ग्रामम् (grāmam) - a village (as a source for alms) (village)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, community, collection

Note: Object of āśrayet.

अन्नार्थम् (annārtham) - for the purpose of obtaining food (as alms) (for the sake of food)

(indeclinable)

Compound type : tatpurusha (anna+artha)

• anna – food, grain, boiled rice
  noun (neuter)
  Root: ad (class 2)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, for the sake of
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial of purpose.

आश्रयेत् (āśrayet) - he should resort to (for alms) (he should resort to, he should take refuge in)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Optative/Potential (vidhiliṅ) of āśri

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

Note: Expresses a rule or recommendation.