महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-237, verse-10

यद्ब्राह्मणस्य कुशलं तदेव सततं वदेत् ।
तूष्णीमासीत निन्दायां कुर्वन्भेषजमात्मनः ॥१०॥

10. yadbrāhmaṇasya kuśalaṁ tadeva satataṁ vadet ,
tūṣṇīmāsīta nindāyāṁ kurvanbheṣajamātmanaḥ.

10. yat brāhmaṇasya kuśalam tat eva satatam vadet
tūṣṇīm āsīta nindāyām kurvan bheṣajam ātmanaḥ

10. yat brāhmaṇasya kuśalam,
tat eva satatam vadet; nindāyām tūṣṇīm āsīta,
ātmanaḥ bheṣajam kurvan

10. One should always speak only what is good or auspicious for a Brahmin. In the presence of criticism, one should remain silent, thereby providing a remedy for oneself.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - what, which, that

• ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin

• कुशलम् (kuśalam) - that which is good or auspicious (welfare, auspiciousness, good)

• तत् (tat) - that, it

• एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

• सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

• वदेत् (vadet) - one should speak

• तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

• आसीत (āsīta) - one should remain (silent) (one should sit, one should remain)

• निन्दायाम् (nindāyām) - in criticism, in blame

• कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, making

• भेषजम् (bheṣajam) - medicine, remedy

• आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - what, which, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, that

Note: Corresponds to 'tat'.

ब्राह्मणस्य (brāhmaṇasya) - of a Brahmin

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

कुशलम् (kuśalam) - that which is good or auspicious (welfare, auspiciousness, good)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skill, well-being, welfare, auspicious, good

Note: Here acts as a noun, the object of 'vadet'.

तत् (tat) - that, it

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'yat kuśalam'.

एव (eva) - indeed, certainly, only

(indeclinable)

सततम् (satatam) - constantly, always

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

वदेत् (vadet) - one should speak

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vad

Root: vad (class 1)

तूष्णीम् (tūṣṇīm) - silently, quietly

(indeclinable)

Note: Often used with 'āsīta' (should sit/remain).

आसीत (āsīta) - one should remain (silent) (one should sit, one should remain)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of ās

Root: ās (class 2)

निन्दायाम् (nindāyām) - in criticism, in blame

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of nindā

nindā - blame, censure, criticism, reproach

कुर्वन् (kurvan) - doing, making

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛ

kṛ - to do, to make, to perform

Present Active Participle

from kṛ (to do), root class 8, Parasmaipada

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies the agent (the one who should remain silent) is doing this.

भेषजम् (bheṣajam) - medicine, remedy

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bheṣaja

bheṣaja - medicine, remedy, healing

Note: Object of 'kurvan'.

आत्मनः (ātmanaḥ) - of oneself, of the self

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of ātman

ātman - self, soul, spirit, essential nature

Note: Used reflexively here.