महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-237, verse-11

येन पूर्णमिवाकाशं भवत्येकेन सर्वदा ।
शून्यं येन जनाकीर्णं तं देवा ब्राह्मणं विदुः ॥११॥

11. yena pūrṇamivākāśaṁ bhavatyekena sarvadā ,
śūnyaṁ yena janākīrṇaṁ taṁ devā brāhmaṇaṁ viduḥ.

11. yena pūrṇam iva ākāśam bhavati ekena sarvadā
śūnyam yena janākīrṇam tam devā brāhmaṇam viduḥ

11. yena ekena ākāśam sarvadā pūrṇam iva bhavati,
yena janākīrṇam (api sthānam) śūnyam (iva bhavati),
tam (puruṣam) devāḥ brāhmaṇam viduḥ

11. The gods know him to be a true Brahmin by whom the sky always seems full, even when he is alone, and by whom a place crowded with people appears empty, as he remains absorbed in his own true self (ātman).

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full, complete, filled

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, space, ether

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

• एकेन (ekena) - by himself, when alone (by one (person))

• सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always, at all times

• शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty, void, deserted

• येन (yena) - by whom, by which

• जनाकीर्णम् (janākīrṇam) - a place crowded with people (crowded with people)

• तम् (tam) - him, that

• देवा (devā) - gods

• ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a true Brahmin (a Brahmin)

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, that

Note: Refers to the Brahmin.

पूर्णम् (pūrṇam) - full, complete, filled

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of pūrṇa

pūrṇa - full, complete, filled, perfect

Past Passive Participle

from pṛ (to fill)

Root: pṛ (class 9)

Note: Modifies 'ākāśam'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - sky, space, ether

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - sky, space, ether

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

एकेन (ekena) - by himself, when alone (by one (person))

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of eka

eka - one, alone, single, unique

Note: Refers to the Brahmin.

सर्वदा (sarvadā) - always, at all times

(indeclinable)

from sarva (all) + dā (temporal suffix)

शून्यम् (śūnyam) - empty, void, deserted

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śūnya

śūnya - empty, void, deserted, naught, zero

Note: Modifies an implied object, likely 'sthānam' (place).

येन (yena) - by whom, by which

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what, that

Note: Refers to the Brahmin.

जनाकीर्णम् (janākīrṇam) - a place crowded with people (crowded with people)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of janākīrṇa

janākīrṇa - crowded with people, thronged by men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jana+ākīrṇa)

• jana – person, people, man, creature
  noun (masculine)
  Root: jan (class 4)
• ākīrṇa – strewn, filled, covered, crowded
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from ā-kīr (to scatter, spread)
  Prefix: ā
  Root: kīr (class 6)

Note: Acts as a substantive here ('a place crowded with people').

तम् (tam) - him, that

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'him' (the Brahmin).

देवा (devā) - gods

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, celestial being

Note: Sandhi form of 'devāḥ'.

ब्राह्मणम् (brāhmaṇam) - a true Brahmin (a Brahmin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - Brahmin, member of the priestly class

Note: Object of 'viduḥ'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they know, they understand

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Root: vid (class 2)