महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-232, verse-28

यश्चैनमभिनन्देत यश्चैनमपवादयेत् ।
समस्तयोश्चाप्युभयोर्नाभिध्यायेच्छुभाशुभम् ॥२८॥

28. yaścainamabhinandeta yaścainamapavādayet ,
samastayoścāpyubhayornābhidhyāyecchubhāśubham.

28. yaḥ ca enam abhinandeta yaḥ ca enam apavādayet
samastayoḥ ca api ubhayoḥ na abhidhyāyet śubha-aśubham

28. yaḥ ca enam abhinandeta yaḥ ca enam apavādayet ca
api samastayoḥ ubhayoḥ śubha-aśubham na abhidhyāyet

28. One should not contemplate good or bad concerning either the one who praises him or the one who blames him.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, whoever)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एनम् (enam) - him (him, this one)

• अभिनन्देत (abhinandeta) - praises (may praise, should praise, would praise)

• यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, whoever)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• एनम् (enam) - him (him, this one)

• अपवादयेत् (apavādayet) - blames (may blame, should blame, would blame, cause to speak against)

• समस्तयोः (samastayoḥ) - of both of them together (of both together, of all)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अपि (api) - even, also (emphasizing 'both') (also, even, too)

• उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both (the praiser and the blamer) (of both)

• न (na) - not

• अभिध्यायेत् (abhidhyāyet) - should contemplate (should think, may think, would think)

• शुभ-अशुभम् (śubha-aśubham) - good or bad (consequences/qualities) (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

अभिनन्देत (abhinandeta) - praises (may praise, should praise, would praise)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of abhinand

optative mood

from √nand (to rejoice) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: nand (class 1)

Note: The optative mood can express desire, possibility, or injunction, often translated with 'should', 'may', or 'would'. Here, it indicates a hypothetical or general condition.

यः (yaḥ) - whoever (who, which, whoever)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that, him, her, it

अपवादयेत् (apavādayet) - blames (may blame, should blame, would blame, cause to speak against)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of apavāday

causative, optative mood

from causative of √vad (to speak) with prefix apa

Prefix: apa

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Causative form used in optative mood.

समस्तयोः (samastayoḥ) - of both of them together (of both together, of all)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, dual of samasta

samasta - all, whole, entire, collected, combined

Past Passive Participle

from √as (to throw, be) with prefix sam

Prefix: sam

Root: as (class 2)

Note: It is a past passive participle used as an adjective, here qualifying `ubhayos`.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - even, also (emphasizing 'both') (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

उभयोः (ubhayoḥ) - of both (the praiser and the blamer) (of both)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, dual of ubha

ubha - both

Note: This is a pronominal adjective, declined similarly to `sarva`.

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अभिध्यायेत् (abhidhyāyet) - should contemplate (should think, may think, would think)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhi-liṅ) of abhidhyāy

optative mood

from √dhyai (to meditate) with prefix abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: dhyai (class 1)

Note: Here, the optative mood expresses a moral injunction or principle.

शुभ-अशुभम् (śubha-aśubham) - good or bad (consequences/qualities) (good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śubhāśubha

śubhāśubha - good and bad, auspicious and inauspicious

Compound type : dvandva (śubha+aśubha)

• śubha – good, auspicious, beautiful
  adjective (neuter)
• aśubha – bad, inauspicious, evil
  adjective (neuter)
  negation of śubha with 'a'

Note: It's a dvandva compound meaning 'good and bad', used here in singular neuter accusative.