महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-232, verse-1

व्यास उवाच ।
पृच्छतस्तव सत्पुत्र यथावदिह तत्त्वतः ।
सांख्यन्यायेन संयुक्तं यदेतत्कीर्तितं मया ॥१॥

1. vyāsa uvāca ,
pṛcchatastava satputra yathāvadiha tattvataḥ ,
sāṁkhyanyāyena saṁyuktaṁ yadetatkīrtitaṁ mayā.

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca pṛcchataḥ tava satputra yathāvat iha
tattvataḥ sāṃkhyanyāyena saṃyuktam yat etat kīrtitam mayā

1. vyāsaḥ uvāca satputra,
tava pṛcchataḥ mayā iha yathāvat tattvataḥ sāṃkhyanyāyena saṃyuktam yat etat kīrtitam

1. Vyasa said: O good son, this teaching which has been properly and essentially declared by me here to you who are asking, is endowed with the principles of Sāṃkhya (philosophy).

Words meanings summery:

• व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said; spoke)

• पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - to you who are asking (of one who is asking; to one who is asking)

• तव (tava) - of you (O good son) (your; of you)

• सत्पुत्र (satputra) - O good son; O virtuous son

• यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly (properly; truly; exactly as)

• इह (iha) - here (in this discourse) (here; in this world; in this context)

• तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in essence (in essence; truly; philosophically)

• सांख्यन्यायेन (sāṁkhyanyāyena) - by the logic/method of Sāṃkhya (philosophy)

• संयुक्तम् (saṁyuktam) - endowed with (connected; joined; endowed with)

• यत् (yat) - that which (is being described) (which; that which)

• एतत् (etat) - this (teaching) (this; it)

• कीर्तितम् (kīrtitam) - described (by me) (proclaimed; described; celebrated)

• मया (mayā) - by me

Words meanings and morphology

व्यासः (vyāsaḥ) - Vyasa (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyāsa

vyāsa - Vyasa (name of a sage, compiler of Vedas and Mahabharata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said; spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ), 3rd person singular, active voice

Irregular perfect form of root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

पृच्छतः (pṛcchataḥ) - to you who are asking (of one who is asking; to one who is asking)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pṛcchat

pṛcchat - asking; questioning

Present Active Participle

From root 'prach' (to ask, class 6, tudādi), stem 'pṛcchat'.

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Qualifies 'tava'.

तव (tava) - of you (O good son) (your; of you)

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

2nd person pronoun, genitive singular form.

Note: Genitive indicating the recipient of the telling.

सत्पुत्र (satputra) - O good son; O virtuous son

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of satputra

satputra - good son; virtuous son

Compound of 'sat' (good, virtuous) + 'putra' (son).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sat+putra)

• sat – good, virtuous, existent, real
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From root 'as' (to be)
  Root: as (class 2)
• putra – son
  noun (masculine)

Note: Direct address.

यथावत् (yathāvat) - properly (properly; truly; exactly as)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'vat'.

Note: Modifies 'kīrtitam'.

इह (iha) - here (in this discourse) (here; in this world; in this context)

(indeclinable)

Adverb of place or context.

Note: Modifies 'kīrtitam'.

तत्त्वतः (tattvataḥ) - in essence (in essence; truly; philosophically)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial suffix 'tas' from 'tattva' (truth, reality).

Note: Modifies 'kīrtitam'.

सांख्यन्यायेन (sāṁkhyanyāyena) - by the logic/method of Sāṃkhya (philosophy)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sāṃkhyanyāya

sāṁkhyanyāya - the logic or method of Sāṃkhya; Sāṃkhya reasoning

Compound of 'sāṃkhya' (Sāṃkhya philosophy) + 'nyāya' (logic, method, rule).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sāṃkhya+nyāya)

• sāṃkhya – Sāṃkhya (one of the six orthodox schools of Hindu philosophy)
  noun (neuter)
• nyāya – justice, rule, method, logic, system of philosophy
  noun (masculine)

Note: Describes how the teaching is 'saṃyuktam'.

संयुक्तम् (saṁyuktam) - endowed with (connected; joined; endowed with)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of saṃyukta

saṁyukta - joined; connected; associated; endowed with; combined

Past Passive Participle

From prefix 'sam' + root 'yuj' (to join) + suffix 'kta'.

Prefix: sam

Root: yuj (class 7)

Note: Qualifies 'yat etat'.

यत् (yat) - that which (is being described) (which; that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which; what; that which

Relative pronoun

Note: Forms correlative pair with 'etat'.

एतत् (etat) - this (teaching) (this; it)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this; it

Demonstrative pronoun

Note: Correlative to 'yat'.

कीर्तितम् (kīrtitam) - described (by me) (proclaimed; described; celebrated)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kīrtita

kīrtita - proclaimed; described; mentioned; celebrated

Past Passive Participle

From root 'kīrt' (to mention, describe, class 10), from 'kṛt' + 'i' + 'ta'.

Root: kṛt (class 10)

Note: Predicate participle for 'yat etat'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I; me

1st person pronoun, instrumental singular form.

Note: Agent of 'kīrtitam'.