महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-169, verse-8

पितोवाच ।
कथमभ्याहतो लोकः केन वा परिवारितः ।
अमोघाः काः पतन्तीह किं नु भीषयसीव माम् ॥८॥

8. pitovāca ,
kathamabhyāhato lokaḥ kena vā parivāritaḥ ,
amoghāḥ kāḥ patantīha kiṁ nu bhīṣayasīva mām.

8. pitā uvāca katham abhyāhataḥ lokaḥ kena vā parivāritaḥ
amoghāḥ kāḥ patanti iha kim nu bhīṣayasi iva mām

8. pitā uvāca lokaḥ katham abhyāhataḥ vā kena parivāritaḥ
iha kāḥ amoghāḥ patanti nu mām iva kim bhīṣayasi

8. The father said: How is the world afflicted? By what is it surrounded? What are these unfailing (calamities) that are falling here? Why, indeed, do you try to frighten me like this?

Words meanings summery:

• पिता (pitā) - father

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

• अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - afflicted, struck, attacked

• लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, people, realm

• केन (kena) - by what, by whom

• वा (vā) - or, and

• परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encircled

• अमोघाः (amoghāḥ) - unfailing, unerring, certain

• काः (kāḥ) - what, which (feminine plural)

• पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they descend

• इह (iha) - here, in this world

• किम् (kim) - why, what, how

• नु (nu) - indeed, then, now

• भीषयसि (bhīṣayasi) - you frighten, you terrify

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• माम् (mām) - me

Words meanings and morphology

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

reduplicated perfect, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

कथम् (katham) - how, in what manner

(indeclinable)

अभ्याहतः (abhyāhataḥ) - afflicted, struck, attacked

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - afflicted, struck, attacked

Past Passive Participle

from ā-han with abhi

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

लोकः (lokaḥ) - world, people, realm

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm

केन (kena) - by what, by whom

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - or, and

(indeclinable)

परिवारितः (parivāritaḥ) - surrounded, encircled

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encircled

Past Passive Participle

from vṛ (to cover) with pari (all around)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 9)

अमोघाः (amoghāḥ) - unfailing, unerring, certain

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, plural of amogha

amogha - unfailing, unerring, fruitful, certain

a- (not) + mogha (failing)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mogha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mogha – failing, vain, useless
  adjective (masculine)

काः (kāḥ) - what, which (feminine plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of kim

kim - who, what, which

पतन्ति (patanti) - they fall, they descend

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of pat

Present Tense

Root: pat (class 1)

इह (iha) - here, in this world

(indeclinable)

किम् (kim) - why, what, how

(indeclinable)

नु (nu) - indeed, then, now

(indeclinable)

भीषयसि (bhīṣayasi) - you frighten, you terrify

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhīṣaya

Causative Present Tense

causative from root bhī

Root: bhī (class 3)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

माम् (mām) - me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me