महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-169, verse-4

सोऽब्रवीत्पितरं पुत्रः स्वाध्यायकरणे रतम् ।
मोक्षधर्मार्थकुशलो लोकतत्त्वविचक्षणः ॥४॥

4. so'bravītpitaraṁ putraḥ svādhyāyakaraṇe ratam ,
mokṣadharmārthakuśalo lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ.

4. saḥ abravīt pitaram putraḥ svādhyāyakaraṇe ratam
mokṣadharmārthakuśalaḥ lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ

4. mokṣadharmārthakuśalaḥ lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ
putraḥ svādhyāyakaraṇe ratam pitaram saḥ abravīt

4. The son, expert in the principles of liberation (mokṣa), natural law (dharma), and worldly aims (artha), and discerning of the true nature of the world, spoke to his father, who was absorbed in his Vedic studies (svādhyāya).

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

• पितरम् (pitaram) - to the father

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - the son

• स्वाध्यायकरणे (svādhyāyakaraṇe) - in the performance of Vedic study

• रतम् (ratam) - absorbed in his Vedic studies (absorbed, engaged, devoted)

• मोक्षधर्मार्थकुशलः (mokṣadharmārthakuśalaḥ) - skilled in liberation (mokṣa), natural law (dharma), and worldly aims (artha)

• लोकतत्त्वविचक्षणः (lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ) - discerning of the true nature of the world, expert in worldly principles

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

पितरम् (pitaram) - to the father

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - the son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

स्वाध्यायकरणे (svādhyāyakaraṇe) - in the performance of Vedic study

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of svādhyāyakaraṇa

svādhyāyakaraṇa - performance of self-study or Vedic recitation

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (svādhyāya+karaṇa)

• svādhyāya – self-study, recitation of one's own Veda, Vedic study
  noun (masculine)
• karaṇa – doing, making, performance, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  From root kṛ (to do)
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

रतम् (ratam) - absorbed in his Vedic studies (absorbed, engaged, devoted)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rata

rata - pleased, delighted, engaged in, devoted to

Past Passive Participle

From root 'ram' (to delight, be pleased)

Root: ram (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'pitaram'.

मोक्षधर्मार्थकुशलः (mokṣadharmārthakuśalaḥ) - skilled in liberation (mokṣa), natural law (dharma), and worldly aims (artha)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mokṣadharmārthakuśala

mokṣadharmārthakuśala - skilled in the categories of mokṣa, dharma, and artha

Compound type : Dvanda-Tatpuruṣa (mokṣa+dharma+artha+kuśala)

• mokṣa – liberation, release, emancipation
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'muc' (to release)
  Root: muc (class 6)
• dharma – natural law, intrinsic nature, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'dhṛ' (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• artha – purpose, aim, meaning, wealth, worldly prosperity
  noun (masculine)
• kuśala – skilled, expert, clever, well, good
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'putraḥ'.

लोकतत्त्वविचक्षणः (lokatattvavicakṣaṇaḥ) - discerning of the true nature of the world, expert in worldly principles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of lokatattvavicakṣaṇa

lokatattvavicakṣaṇa - one who discerns the true nature of the world

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (loka+tattva+vicakṣaṇa)

• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
• tattva – truth, reality, principle, essence
  noun (neuter)
• vicakṣaṇa – discerning, clever, expert, wise
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'cakṣ' (to see) with prefix 'vi'
  Prefix: vi
  Root: cakṣ (class 2)

Note: Qualifies 'putraḥ'.