महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-169, verse-21

मृत्युर्जरा च व्याधिश्च दुःखं चानेककारणम् ।
अनुषक्तं यदा देहे किं स्वस्थ इव तिष्ठसि ॥२१॥

21. mṛtyurjarā ca vyādhiśca duḥkhaṁ cānekakāraṇam ,
anuṣaktaṁ yadā dehe kiṁ svastha iva tiṣṭhasi.

21. mṛtyuḥ jarā ca vyādhiḥ ca duḥkham ca anekakāraṇam
anuṣaktam yadā dehe kim svasthaḥ iva tiṣṭhasi

21. yadā dehe mṛtyuḥ ca jarā ca vyādhiḥ ca anekakāraṇam duḥkham ca anuṣaktam,
kim svasthaḥ iva tiṣṭhasi

21. When death, old age, disease, and suffering (duḥkha)—which has many causes—are all inherently connected to the body, why do you remain as if you were healthy and at ease?

Words meanings summery:

• मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death

• जरा (jarā) - old age, decay

• च (ca) - and, also

• व्याधिः (vyādhiḥ) - disease, sickness, ailment

• च (ca) - and, also

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

• च (ca) - and, also

• अनेककारणम् (anekakāraṇam) - having many causes, of many kinds

• अनुषक्तम् (anuṣaktam) - connected, attached, inherent

• यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

• देहे (dehe) - in the body

• किम् (kim) - why? what? (interrogative particle)

• स्वस्थः (svasthaḥ) - healthy, well, at ease, self-reliant

• इव (iva) - as if, like, as, in the manner of

• तिष्ठसि (tiṣṭhasi) - you stand, you remain, you exist

Words meanings and morphology

मृत्युः (mṛtyuḥ) - death

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, demise, mortality

Derived from root √mṛ (to die).

Root: mṛ (class 1)

जरा (jarā) - old age, decay

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decay, decrepitude

Derived from root √jṛ (to grow old, to decay).

Root: jṛ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

व्याधिः (vyādhiḥ) - disease, sickness, ailment

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādhi

vyādhi - disease, sickness, ailment

Prefixes: vi+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - suffering, pain, sorrow

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - suffering, pain, sorrow, misery

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अनेककारणम् (anekakāraṇam) - having many causes, of many kinds

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anekakāraṇa

anekakāraṇa - having many causes, manifold, diverse

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (aneka+kāraṇa)

• aneka – many, manifold, not one
  adjective (neuter)
  Negative prefix 'a-' + 'eka' (one).
  Prefix: a
• kāraṇa – cause, reason, instrument
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √kṛ (to do, to make).
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Modifies 'duḥkham'.

अनुषक्तम् (anuṣaktam) - connected, attached, inherent

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of anuṣakta

anuṣakta - attached, connected, inherent, following

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root √sañj (to cling, attach) with prefix anu. Sandhi changes 's' to 'ṣ'.

Prefix: anu

Root: sañj (class 7)

Note: Refers to 'duḥkham' and the implied group of afflictions (death, old age, disease, sorrow).

यदा (yadā) - when, whenever

(indeclinable)

देहे (dehe) - in the body

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, corporeal frame

Root: dih (class 4)

किम् (kim) - why? what? (interrogative particle)

(indeclinable)

स्वस्थः (svasthaḥ) - healthy, well, at ease, self-reliant

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of svastha

svastha - standing in one's own self, independent, healthy, well, at ease

Compound type : tatpurusha (sva+stha)

• sva – one's own, self
  pronoun (masculine)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  Derived from root √sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Refers to 'you' (implied 2nd person).

इव (iva) - as if, like, as, in the manner of

(indeclinable)

तिष्ठसि (tiṣṭhasi) - you stand, you remain, you exist

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)