महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-169, verse-7

पुत्र उवाच ।
एवमभ्याहते लोके समन्तात्परिवारिते ।
अमोघासु पतन्तीषु किं धीर इव भाषसे ॥७॥

7. putra uvāca ,
evamabhyāhate loke samantātparivārite ,
amoghāsu patantīṣu kiṁ dhīra iva bhāṣase.

7. putra uvāca evam abhyāhate loke samantāt parivārite
amoghāsu patantīṣu kim dhīra iva bhāṣase

7. putra uvāca evam abhyāhate samantāt parivārite
loke amoghāsu patantīṣu kim dhīra iva bhāṣase

7. The son said: When the world is thus afflicted and besieged on all sides, and unfailing (calamities) are falling, why do you speak as if you were a resolute person?

Words meanings summery:

• पुत्र (putra) - son, child

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

• अभ्याहते (abhyāhate) - afflicted, struck, attacked

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

• समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around, completely

• परिवारिते (parivārite) - surrounded, encircled, encompassed

• अमोघासु (amoghāsu) - unfailing, unerring, certain

• पतन्तीषु (patantīṣu) - falling, descending

• किम् (kim) - why, what, how

• धीर (dhīra) - wise, resolute, brave, steady

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• भाषसे (bhāṣase) - you speak, you say

Words meanings and morphology

पुत्र (putra) - son, child

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect

reduplicated perfect, from root vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - thus, in this way, so

(indeclinable)

अभ्याहते (abhyāhate) - afflicted, struck, attacked

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of abhyāhata

abhyāhata - afflicted, struck, attacked

Past Passive Participle

from ā-han with abhi

Prefixes: abhi+ā

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, modifying 'loke'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, in the realm

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of loka

loka - world, people, realm

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

समन्तात् (samantāt) - from all sides, all around, completely

(indeclinable)

adverbial use of ablative of samanta

परिवारिते (parivārite) - surrounded, encircled, encompassed

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of parivārita

parivārita - surrounded, encircled

Past Passive Participle

from vṛ (to cover) with pari (all around)

Prefix: pari

Root: vṛ (class 9)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, modifying 'loke'.

अमोघासु (amoghāsu) - unfailing, unerring, certain

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of amogha

amogha - unfailing, unerring, fruitful, certain

a- (not) + mogha (failing)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+mogha)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• mogha – failing, vain, useless
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction, modifying 'patantīṣu'.

पतन्तीषु (patantīṣu) - falling, descending

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, plural of patantī

patantī - falling, descending

Present Active Participle

from root pat, feminine form

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

किम् (kim) - why, what, how

(indeclinable)

धीर (dhīra) - wise, resolute, brave, steady

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhīra

dhīra - wise, resolute, brave, steady

Note: Used predicatively with 'iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

भाषसे (bhāṣase) - you speak, you say

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhāṣ

Present Tense

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)