महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-169, verse-23

मृत्योर्वा गृहमेवैतद्या ग्रामे वसतो रतिः ।
देवानामेष वै गोष्ठो यदरण्यमिति श्रुतिः ॥२३॥

23. mṛtyorvā gṛhamevaitadyā grāme vasato ratiḥ ,
devānāmeṣa vai goṣṭho yadaraṇyamiti śrutiḥ.

23. mṛtyoḥ vā gṛham eva etat yā grāme vasataḥ ratiḥ
devānām eṣaḥ vai goṣṭhaḥ yat araṇyam iti śrutiḥ

23. yā grāme vasataḥ ratiḥ etat mṛtyoḥ gṛham eva
vā eṣaḥ araṇyam devānām goṣṭhaḥ vai iti śrutiḥ

23. Indeed, the attachment that one has to living in a village is itself the very abode of death. This forest, however, is truly the assembly place of the gods—thus is the sacred tradition (śruti).

Words meanings summery:

• मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death, from death

• वा (vā) - or, indeed, rather

• गृहम् (gṛham) - house, home, abode

• एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

• एतत् (etat) - this

• या (yā) - Refers to 'ratiḥ' (which, that which)

• ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village, in the community

• वसतः (vasataḥ) - of one dwelling, of one living

• रतिः (ratiḥ) - attachment, delight, pleasure, love

• देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

• एषः (eṣaḥ) - Refers to 'goṣṭhaḥ' (this)

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

• गोष्ठः (goṣṭhaḥ) - cowshed, cattle pen, assembly place

• यत् (yat) - Refers to 'araṇyam' (that which, where)

• अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest, wilderness

• इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

• श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition, revelation, Veda

Words meanings and morphology

मृत्योः (mṛtyoḥ) - of death, from death

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of mṛtyu

mṛtyu - death, Yama (god of death)

Root: mṛ (class 6)

वा (vā) - or, indeed, rather

(indeclinable)

गृहम् (gṛham) - house, home, abode

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of gṛha

gṛha - house, home, abode, dwelling

Note: Also accusative singular neuter.

एव (eva) - indeed, just, only, very

(indeclinable)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, here

Note: Also accusative singular neuter.

या (yā) - Refers to 'ratiḥ' (which, that which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - which, that, whoever, whatever

ग्रामे (grāme) - in the village, in the community

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of grāma

grāma - village, community, collection

वसतः (vasataḥ) - of one dwelling, of one living

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of vasat

vasat - dwelling, living

Present Active Participle

Derived from verb root 'vas' (to dwell) + śatṛ suffix

Root: vas (class 1)

Note: Modifies an implied person.

रतिः (ratiḥ) - attachment, delight, pleasure, love

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of rati

rati - delight, pleasure, love, attachment, enjoyment

Root: ram (class 1)

देवानाम् (devānām) - of the gods

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of deva

deva - god, deity, divine being

Root: div (class 4)

एषः (eṣaḥ) - Refers to 'goṣṭhaḥ' (this)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, this one, here

वै (vai) - indeed, truly, certainly

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

गोष्ठः (goṣṭhaḥ) - cowshed, cattle pen, assembly place

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of goṣṭha

goṣṭha - cowshed, cattle pen, assembly, meeting place

यत् (yat) - Refers to 'araṇyam' (that which, where)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, that, whoever, whatever

अरण्यम् (araṇyam) - forest, wilderness

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of araṇya

araṇya - forest, wilderness, desert

Note: Also accusative singular neuter.

इति (iti) - thus, so, in this way

(indeclinable)

Note: Concludes the statement.

श्रुतिः (śrutiḥ) - sacred tradition, revelation, Veda

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śruti

śruti - hearing, sacred tradition, revelation, Veda, scripture

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Often refers to the Vedas themselves.