महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-12, chapter-169, verse-2

भीष्म उवाच ।
अत्राप्युदाहरन्तीममितिहासं पुरातनम् ।
पितुः पुत्रेण संवादं तन्निबोध युधिष्ठिर ॥२॥

2. bhīṣma uvāca ,
atrāpyudāharantīmamitihāsaṁ purātanam ,
pituḥ putreṇa saṁvādaṁ tannibodha yudhiṣṭhira.

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca | atra api udāharanti imam itihāsam
purātanam | pituḥ putreṇa saṃvādaṃ tat nibodha yudhiṣṭhira

2. bhīṣmaḥ uvāca.
atra api imam purātanam itihāsam pituḥ putreṇa saṃvādaṃ (ca) udāharanti.
he yudhiṣṭhira,
tat nibodha.

2. Bhīṣma said: In this regard, they also relate this ancient story (itihāsa), a dialogue between a father and a son. Listen to that, O Yudhiṣṭhira.

Words meanings summery:

• भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the narrator (Bhīṣma (a proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

• अत्र (atra) - in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

• अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

• उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate (they cite, they relate, they exemplify)

• इमम् (imam) - this (story) (this)

• इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient story (itihāsa) (ancient story, history, legend, epic)

• पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old, primeval)

• पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

• पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with the son (by the son, with the son)

• संवादं (saṁvādaṁ) - a dialogue (conversation, dialogue, agreement)

• तत् (tat) - that (story/dialogue) (that)

• निबोध (nibodha) - listen to, understand (understand, comprehend, perceive, know)

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name))

Words meanings and morphology

भीष्मः (bhīṣmaḥ) - Bhīṣma, the narrator (Bhīṣma (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhīṣma

bhīṣma - Bhīṣma (a prominent character in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect tense (liṭ) 3rd person singular from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

अत्र (atra) - in this regard (here, in this place, in this matter)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place/context.

अपि (api) - also (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic/additive particle.

उदाहरन्ति (udāharanti) - they relate (they cite, they relate, they exemplify)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of udāhṛ

Present tense (laṭ) 3rd person plural from ud-ā-hṛ.

Prefixes: ud+ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

Note: Implying "people" or "the wise" as the subject.

इमम् (imam) - this (story) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Note: Modifies 'itihāsam'.

इतिहासम् (itihāsam) - ancient story (itihāsa) (ancient story, history, legend, epic)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of itihāsa

itihāsa - history, legend, ancient tradition, epic (like Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa)

From iti-ha-āsa 'thus it was indeed'.

Note: Object of 'udāharanti'.

पुरातनम् (purātanam) - ancient (ancient, old, primeval)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of purātana

purātana - ancient, old, primeval, traditional

Derived from purā (formerly) with suffix -tana.

Note: Modifies 'itihāsam'.

पितुः (pituḥ) - of the father

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

Note: Qualifies 'saṃvādaṃ'.

पुत्रेण (putreṇa) - with the son (by the son, with the son)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Denotes association with 'saṃvādaṃ'.

संवादं (saṁvādaṁ) - a dialogue (conversation, dialogue, agreement)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of saṃvāda

saṁvāda - conversation, dialogue, discussion, agreement

From sam-vad (to speak together).

Prefix: sam

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Appositive to 'itihāsam'.

तत् (tat) - that (story/dialogue) (that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Object of 'nibodha'.

निबोध (nibodha) - listen to, understand (understand, comprehend, perceive, know)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of nibudh

Imperative mood (loṭ) 2nd person singular from ni-budh.

Prefix: ni

Root: budh (class 1)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (addressing Yudhiṣṭhira) (Yudhiṣṭhira (a proper name))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (eldest of the Pāṇḍavas, steady in battle)

Compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm, steady)

Compound type : aluk-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of yudh (battle).
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Yudhiṣṭhira.