महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-11, chapter-11, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
हतेषु सर्वसैन्येषु धर्मराजो युधिष्ठिरः ।
शुश्रुवे पितरं वृद्धं निर्यातं गजसाह्वयात् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
hateṣu sarvasainyeṣu dharmarājo yudhiṣṭhiraḥ ,
śuśruve pitaraṁ vṛddhaṁ niryātaṁ gajasāhvayāt.

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca hateṣu sarvasainyeṣu dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ śuśruve pitaraṃ vṛddhaṃ niryātaṃ gajasāhvayāt

1. vaiśaṃpāyana uvāca sarvasainyeṣu hateṣu dharmarājaḥ
yudhiṣṭhiraḥ vṛddhaṃ pitaraṃ gajasāhvayāt niryātaṃ śuśruve

1. Vaiśampāyana said: When all the armies had been destroyed, Yudhiṣṭhira, the king who upholds natural law (dharma), heard that his aged father had departed from Hastinapura.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage narrating the Mahabharata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• हतेषु (hateṣu) - when killed, when slain, in those slain

• सर्वसैन्येषु (sarvasainyeṣu) - when all the armies/troops had been killed/destroyed. (in all armies, among all troops)

• धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira. (king of righteousness (dharma), king of justice)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother. (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

• शुश्रुवे (śuśruve) - he heard, he was heard

• पितरं (pitaraṁ) - Dhritarashtra, Yudhiṣṭhira's uncle (but referred to as father due to his position as elder and king). (father)

• वृद्धं (vṛddhaṁ) - old, aged, grown

• निर्यातं (niryātaṁ) - departed, gone out, gone away

• गजसाह्वयात् (gajasāhvayāt) - Hastinapura, which is also known as Gajasāhvaya. (from Hastinapura (city))

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायन (vaiśaṁpāyana) - The sage narrating the Mahabharata to Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - name of a sage, a disciple of Vyasa

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense

3rd person singular active. Irregular perfect form from root 'vac'.

Root: vac (class 2)

हतेषु (hateṣu) - when killed, when slain, in those slain

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, plural of hata

hata - killed, slain, destroyed

Past Passive Participle

From root 'han' (to strike, kill).

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

सर्वसैन्येषु (sarvasainyeṣu) - when all the armies/troops had been killed/destroyed. (in all armies, among all troops)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sarvasainya

sarvasainya - all armies, all troops

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sarva+sainya)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  adjective
• sainya – army, troops, military
  noun (neuter)
  Root: senā

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction.

धर्मराजः (dharmarājaḥ) - Epithet for Yudhiṣṭhira. (king of righteousness (dharma), king of justice)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of righteousness, king of justice, lord of (natural law) dharma

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (dharma+rājan)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - The eldest Pāṇḍava brother. (Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (lit. 'firm in battle')

Compound of 'yudhi' (in battle) and 'sthira' (firm).

Compound type : saptamī-tatpuruṣa (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle
  indeclinable
  Locative singular of 'yudh' (battle), used adverbially in compounds.
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root 'sthā' (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

शुश्रुवे (śuśruve) - he heard, he was heard

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (lit) of śru

Perfect tense

3rd person singular middle (ātmanepada).

Root: śru (class 5)

पितरं (pitaraṁ) - Dhritarashtra, Yudhiṣṭhira's uncle (but referred to as father due to his position as elder and king). (father)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, paternal ancestor

Note: Refers to Dhritarashtra.

वृद्धं (vṛddhaṁ) - old, aged, grown

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vṛddha

vṛddha - old, aged, grown, increased, prospered

Past Passive Participle

From root 'vṛdh' (to grow, increase).

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

निर्यातं (niryātaṁ) - departed, gone out, gone away

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niryāta

niryāta - departed, gone forth, gone out

Past Passive Participle

From root 'yā' (to go) with prefix 'nir'.

Prefix: nir

Root: yā (class 2)

गजसाह्वयात् (gajasāhvayāt) - Hastinapura, which is also known as Gajasāhvaya. (from Hastinapura (city))

(proper noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of gajasāhvaya

gajasāhvaya - Hastinapura (city of elephants), name of a city

Compound of 'gaja' (elephant) and 'sāhvaya' (having the name, named).

Compound type : karmadhāraya (gaja+sāhvaya)

• gaja – elephant
  noun (masculine)
• sāhvaya – named, called, having the name
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'sa' (with) + 'āhvaya' (name).