महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-10, verse-14

येषामर्थाय पापस्य धिग्जयस्य सुहृद्वधे ।
निर्जितैरप्रमत्तैर्हि विजिता जितकाशिनः ॥१४॥

14. yeṣāmarthāya pāpasya dhigjayasya suhṛdvadhe ,
nirjitairapramattairhi vijitā jitakāśinaḥ.

14. yeṣām arthāya pāpasya dhik jayasya suhṛdvadhē
nirjitaiḥ apramattaiḥ hi vijitāḥ jitakāśinaḥ

14. yeṣām arthāya suhṛdvadhē pāpasya jayasya dhik!
hi jitakāśinaḥ nirjitaiḥ apramattaiḥ vijitāḥ

14. Shame on such a sinful victory, which is achieved in the slaughter of kinsmen and undertaken for the sake of those (wicked ones)! Indeed, those who appear victorious are truly vanquished by the (physically) defeated but morally vigilant ones.

Words meanings summery:

• येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whose (sake) (of whom, for whom, for whose)

• अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of (for the purpose of, for the sake of, for wealth)

• पापस्य (pāpasya) - of a sinful (victory) (of sin, sinful)

• धिक् (dhik) - shame on! (fie! shame! alas! woe to!)

• जयस्य (jayasya) - of (this) victory (of victory)

• सुहृद्वधे (suhṛdvadhē) - in the matter of slaughtering kinsmen (in the killing of friends, in the slaughter of kinsmen)

• निर्जितैः (nirjitaiḥ) - by those (physically) defeated (by the conquered, by the vanquished)

• अप्रमत्तैः (apramattaiḥ) - by the morally vigilant ones (by the vigilant, by the diligent, by the heedful)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• विजिताः (vijitāḥ) - (they are truly) conquered (conquered, vanquished, overcome)

• जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - those who (falsely) appear victorious (those who appear victorious, boasting of victory)

Words meanings and morphology

येषाम् (yeṣām) - for whose (sake) (of whom, for whom, for whose)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Relative pronoun.

Note: Refers to the people for whom the war is fought.

अर्थाय (arthāya) - for the sake of (for the purpose of, for the sake of, for wealth)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, advantage, object

Note: Often combined with a genitive (like `yeṣām`) to mean 'for the sake of X'.

पापस्य (pāpasya) - of a sinful (victory) (of sin, sinful)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of pāpa

pāpa - sin, evil, wicked, bad

Note: Agrees with `jayasya`.

धिक् (dhik) - shame on! (fie! shame! alas! woe to!)

(indeclinable)

Interjection. Takes genitive case.

Note: Governs `jayasya`.

जयस्य (jayasya) - of (this) victory (of victory)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From root `ji`.

Root: ji (class 1)

सुहृद्वधे (suhṛdvadhē) - in the matter of slaughtering kinsmen (in the killing of friends, in the slaughter of kinsmen)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of suhṛdvadha

suhṛdvadha - slaughter of friends, killing of kinsmen

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (suhṛd+vadha)

• suhṛd – friend, well-wisher
  noun (masculine)
• vadha – killing, slaughter, murder
  noun (masculine)
  From root `vadh` (to strike, kill).
  Root: vadh (class 1)

Note: Refers to the context or circumstance of the victory.

निर्जितैः (nirjitaiḥ) - by those (physically) defeated (by the conquered, by the vanquished)

(participle)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of nirjita

nirjita - conquered, vanquished, overcome, completely won

Past Passive Participle

From root `ji` with prefix `nir`.

Prefix: nir

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Agent of `vijitāḥ`.

अप्रमत्तैः (apramattaiḥ) - by the morally vigilant ones (by the vigilant, by the diligent, by the heedful)

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of apramatta

apramatta - vigilant, careful, diligent, unremitting, not careless

Negation of `pramatta` (careless, negligent).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+pramatta)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• pramatta – careless, negligent, intoxicated, deluded
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `mad` with prefix `pra`.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: mad (class 4)

Note: Co-refers with `nirjitaiḥ`.

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

Particle.

विजिताः (vijitāḥ) - (they are truly) conquered (conquered, vanquished, overcome)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, plural of vijita

vijita - conquered, vanquished, overcome, completely won

Past Passive Participle

From root `ji` with prefix `vi`.

Prefix: vi

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: `visarga` added for clarity with plural nominative masculine.

जितकाशिनः (jitakāśinaḥ) - those who (falsely) appear victorious (those who appear victorious, boasting of victory)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jitakāśin

jitakāśin - one who appears victorious, one who boasts of victory

Compound.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (jita+kāśin)

• jita – conquered, victorious
  participle (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root `ji`.
  Root: ji (class 1)
• kāśin – shining, appearing, manifesting
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent Noun suffix -in
  From root `kāś` (to shine, appear) with agent suffix `-in`.
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Subject of the implied verb 'are'.