महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-10, verse-12

अनर्थो ह्यर्थसंकाशस्तथार्थोऽनर्थदर्शनः ।
जयोऽयमजयाकारो जयस्तस्मात्पराजयः ॥१२॥

12. anartho hyarthasaṁkāśastathārtho'narthadarśanaḥ ,
jayo'yamajayākāro jayastasmātparājayaḥ.

12. anarthaḥ hi arthasaṃkāśaḥ tathā arthaḥ anarthadarśanaḥ
jayaḥ ayam ajayākāraḥ jayaḥ tasmāt parājayaḥ

12. hi anarthaḥ arthasaṃkāśaḥ tathā arthaḥ anarthadarśanaḥ
ayam jayaḥ ajayākāraḥ tasmāt jayaḥ parājayaḥ

12. Indeed, a misfortune (anartha) often appears like a gain (artha), and similarly, a gain can appear like a misfortune. This victory has the nature of a defeat; therefore, this victory is truly a defeat.

Words meanings summery:

• अनर्थः (anarthaḥ) - a calamity, something disadvantageous (misfortune, calamity, evil, useless)

• हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, for, because)

• अर्थसंकाशः (arthasaṁkāśaḥ) - appearing like a benefit (appearing like gain, resembling advantage)

• तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise (thus, so, similarly, likewise)

• अर्थः (arthaḥ) - a gain, a benefit (purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, advantage)

• अनर्थदर्शनः (anarthadarśanaḥ) - appearing like a misfortune (or leading to misfortune) (appearing like misfortune, having misfortune as its appearance/result)

• जयः (jayaḥ) - this particular victory (in war) (victory, triumph)

• अयम् (ayam) - this (victory) (this, he)

• अजयाकारः (ajayākāraḥ) - having the characteristics of a defeat (having the form/nature of defeat)

• जयः (jayaḥ) - victory, triumph

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore, on that account)

• पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - a defeat (defeat, rout, overthrow)

Words meanings and morphology

अनर्थः (anarthaḥ) - a calamity, something disadvantageous (misfortune, calamity, evil, useless)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anartha

anartha - misfortune, evil, calamity, useless, absurd

Negation of `artha`.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+artha)

• a – not, non
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix.
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, advantage
  noun (masculine)

हि (hi) - indeed, certainly (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

Particle.

अर्थसंकाशः (arthasaṁkāśaḥ) - appearing like a benefit (appearing like gain, resembling advantage)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of arthasaṃkāśa

arthasaṁkāśa - appearing like gain, resembling advantage

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (artha+saṃkāśa)

• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, advantage
  noun (masculine)
• saṃkāśa – resembling, like, appearing as
  adjective (masculine)
  From root `kāś` (to appear) with prefix `sam`.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: kāś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `anarthaḥ`.

तथा (tathā) - similarly, likewise (thus, so, similarly, likewise)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

अर्थः (arthaḥ) - a gain, a benefit (purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, advantage)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of artha

artha - purpose, meaning, wealth, gain, advantage, object

अनर्थदर्शनः (anarthadarśanaḥ) - appearing like a misfortune (or leading to misfortune) (appearing like misfortune, having misfortune as its appearance/result)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anarthadarśana

anarthadarśana - appearing like evil, having misfortune as its appearance, seeing misfortune

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (anartha+darśana)

• anartha – misfortune, evil, calamity
  noun (masculine)
• darśana – seeing, appearance, view
  noun (neuter)
  From root `dṛś` (to see).
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `arthaḥ`.

जयः (jayaḥ) - this particular victory (in war) (victory, triumph)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From root `ji` (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this (victory) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, that

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to `jayaḥ`.

अजयाकारः (ajayākāraḥ) - having the characteristics of a defeat (having the form/nature of defeat)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ajayākāra

ajayākāra - having the form of defeat, appearing as defeat

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ajaya+ākāra)

• ajaya – defeat, non-victory
  noun (masculine)
  Negation of `jaya`.
• ākāra – form, shape, appearance, nature
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `jayaḥ`.

जयः (jayaḥ) - victory, triumph

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jaya

jaya - victory, triumph, conquest

From root `ji` (to conquer).

Root: ji (class 1)

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (from that, therefore, on that account)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine/neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Functions as an indeclinable 'therefore' in this context.

पराजयः (parājayaḥ) - a defeat (defeat, rout, overthrow)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of parājaya

parājaya - defeat, rout, discomfiture

From root `ji` with prefix `parā`.

Prefix: parā

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Predicate nominative for `jayaḥ`.