महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-10, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तस्यां रात्र्यां व्यतीतायां धृष्टद्युम्नस्य सारथिः ।
शशंस धर्मराजाय सौप्तिके कदनं कृतम् ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tasyāṁ rātryāṁ vyatītāyāṁ dhṛṣṭadyumnasya sārathiḥ ,
śaśaṁsa dharmarājāya sauptike kadanaṁ kṛtam.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tasyām rātryām vyatītāyām dhṛṣṭadyumnasya
sārathiḥ śaśaṃsa dharmarājāya sauptike kadanam kṛtam

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca tasyām rātryām vyatītāyām dhṛṣṭadyumnasya
sārathiḥ dharmarājāya sauptike kṛtam kadanam śaśaṃsa

1. Vaiśampāyana said: When that night had passed, Dhṛṣṭadyumna's charioteer reported to Yudhishthira (the king of natural law (dharma)) the slaughter that had been committed in the night attack (sauptika).

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator, a disciple of Vyasa. (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (night) (in that, to that (feminine))

• रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night, at night

• व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - having passed, elapsed, gone by

• धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna

• सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

• शशंस (śaśaṁsa) - reported, told, declared

• धर्मराजाय (dharmarājāya) - to Yudhishthira (who embodies dharma) (to the king of natural law (dharma))

• सौप्तिके (sauptike) - referring to the events of the Sauptika Parva (the night attack on the Pandava camp) (in the night attack, related to sleep)

• कदनम् (kadanam) - the extensive slaughter (slaughter, massacre, carnage)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - that was committed (done, made, performed)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator, a disciple of Vyasa. (Vaiśampāyana (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

From root vac- (to speak), 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: vac (class 2)

तस्याम् (tasyām) - in that (night) (in that, to that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Locative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, she, it

Note: Agrees with 'rātryām'.

रात्र्याम् (rātryām) - in the night, at night

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of rātri

rātri - night

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

व्यतीतायाम् (vyatītāyām) - having passed, elapsed, gone by

(adjective)

Locative, feminine, singular of vyatīta

vyatīta - passed, elapsed, gone by

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root i- (to go) with prefixes vi- and ati-.

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rātryām', part of a locative absolute construction.

धृष्टद्युम्नस्य (dhṛṣṭadyumnasya) - of Dhṛṣṭadyumna

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dhṛṣṭadyumna

dhṛṣṭadyumna - Dhṛṣṭadyumna

Note: Possessive, modifying 'sārathiḥ'.

सारथिः (sārathiḥ) - charioteer

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sārathi

sārathi - charioteer, driver

Note: Subject of 'śaśaṃsa'.

शशंस (śaśaṁsa) - reported, told, declared

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of śaṃs

Perfect Active

From root śaṃs- (to praise, declare), 3rd person singular perfect active.

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Main verb of the clause.

धर्मराजाय (dharmarājāya) - to Yudhishthira (who embodies dharma) (to the king of natural law (dharma))

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of dharmarāja

dharmarāja - king of (natural) law (dharma), righteous king, Yama

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+rāja)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness
  noun (masculine)
• rāja – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

Note: Recipient of the report.

सौप्तिके (sauptike) - referring to the events of the Sauptika Parva (the night attack on the Pandava camp) (in the night attack, related to sleep)

(adjective)

Locative, neuter, singular of sauptika

sauptika - relating to sleep, pertaining to a night attack (especially the Sauptika Parva)

Derived from 'supta' (asleep).

Note: Refers to the context/location of the slaughter.

कदनम् (kadanam) - the extensive slaughter (slaughter, massacre, carnage)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kadana

kadana - slaughter, destruction, battle

Note: Object of 'śaśaṃsa'.

कृतम् (kṛtam) - that was committed (done, made, performed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, accomplished

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ- (to do, to make)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Predicate or attribute of 'kadanam'.