महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-10, chapter-10, verse-10

दुर्विदा गतिरर्थानामपि ये दिव्यचक्षुषः ।
जीयमाना जयन्त्यन्ये जयमाना वयं जिताः ॥१०॥

10. durvidā gatirarthānāmapi ye divyacakṣuṣaḥ ,
jīyamānā jayantyanye jayamānā vayaṁ jitāḥ.

10. durvidā gatiḥ arthānām api ye divyacakṣuṣaḥ
jīyamānā jayanti anye jayamānā vayam jitāḥ

10. arthānām gatiḥ durvidā,
api ye divyacakṣuṣaḥ.
anye jīyamānā jayanti,
vayam jayamānā jitāḥ.

10. Difficult to comprehend is the course of events, even for those with divine vision. Some, though being defeated, conquer, while we, though conquering, are defeated.

Words meanings summery:

• दुर्विदा (durvidā) - difficult to know, hard to understand

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - the course of events (course, movement, destiny, outcome)

• अर्थानाम् (arthānām) - of the circumstances/affairs (of affairs, of matters, of purposes)

• अपि (api) - even, also, too

• ये (ye) - who (plural nominative)

• दिव्यचक्षुषः (divyacakṣuṣaḥ) - sages or beings with supernatural sight (those with divine vision)

• जीयमाना (jīyamānā) - while being defeated (being conquered, being defeated)

• जयन्ति (jayanti) - they conquer, they are victorious

• अन्ये (anye) - others

• जयमाना (jayamānā) - while conquering (conquering, being victorious)

• वयम् (vayam) - we

• जिताः (jitāḥ) - we are defeated (conquered, defeated)

Words meanings and morphology

दुर्विदा (durvidā) - difficult to know, hard to understand

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of durvida

durvida - difficult to know, hard to understand

Compound of 'dur-' (difficult) and 'vida' (knowing)

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (dur+vida)

• dur – difficult, bad, ill-
  indeclinable
• vida – knowing, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  Agent noun/adjective from root vid
  Derived from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'gatiḥ'.

गतिः (gatiḥ) - the course of events (course, movement, destiny, outcome)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, course, destiny, state

Derived from root 'gam' (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the sentence.

अर्थानाम् (arthānām) - of the circumstances/affairs (of affairs, of matters, of purposes)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of artha

artha - meaning, purpose, object, affair, wealth

Note: Governed by 'gatiḥ'.

अपि (api) - even, also, too

(indeclinable)

ये (ye) - who (plural nominative)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to 'divyacakṣuṣaḥ'.

दिव्यचक्षुषः (divyacakṣuṣaḥ) - sages or beings with supernatural sight (those with divine vision)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of divyacakṣus

divyacakṣus - one who has divine sight/vision

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (divya+cakṣus)

• divya – divine, celestial, heavenly
  adjective (masculine)
• cakṣus – eye, sight, vision
  noun (neuter)

Note: Refers to sages, divine beings, or those with special spiritual insight.

जीयमाना (jīyamānā) - while being defeated (being conquered, being defeated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jīyamāna

jīyamāna - being conquered, being overcome

Present Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with passive suffix '-yamāna'

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially, 'while being defeated'.

जयन्ति (jayanti) - they conquer, they are victorious

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of ji

Root: ji (class 1)

अन्ये (anye) - others

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another

Note: Subject of 'jayanti'.

जयमाना (jayamānā) - while conquering (conquering, being victorious)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jayamāna

jayamāna - conquering, winning, being victorious

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer) with middle suffix '-māna'

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Used adverbially, 'while conquering'.

वयम् (vayam) - we

(pronoun)

Nominative, plural of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Subject of 'jitāḥ'.

जिताः (jitāḥ) - we are defeated (conquered, defeated)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of jita

jita - conquered, defeated, overcome

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'ji' (to conquer)

Root: ji (class 1)

Note: Predicate adjective for 'vayam'. Implies 'we *are* defeated'.