महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-79, verse-5

यदुरुवाच ।
सितश्मश्रुशिरा दीनो जरया शिथिलीकृतः ।
वलीसंततगात्रश्च दुर्दर्शो दुर्बलः कृशः ॥५॥

5. yaduruvāca ,
sitaśmaśruśirā dīno jarayā śithilīkṛtaḥ ,
valīsaṁtatagātraśca durdarśo durbalaḥ kṛśaḥ.

5. yaduḥ uvāca sitaśmaśruśirāḥ dīnaḥ jarayā śithilīkṛtaḥ
valīsaṃtatagātraḥ ca durdarśaḥ durbalaḥ kṛśaḥ

5. Yadu said: '[When one is] white-bearded and white-headed, miserable, weakened by old age, with a body covered in wrinkles, unpleasant to behold, feeble, and emaciated.'

5. יַדוּ אמר, אינני רוצה להיות זקן עם זקן ושיער לבנים, אומלל, מוחלש מזקנה, גופי מכוסה קמטים, מכוער למראה, חלש ורזה,

Words meanings summery:

• यदुः (yaduḥ) - The name of King Yayāti's eldest son. (Yadu)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• सितश्मश्रुशिराः (sitaśmaśruśirāḥ) - white-bearded and white-headed

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, wretched, sad

• जरया (jarayā) - by old age, with old age

• शिथिलीकृतः (śithilīkṛtaḥ) - weakened, made loose, rendered slack

• वलीसंततगात्रः (valīsaṁtatagātraḥ) - whose body is covered with wrinkles

• च (ca) - and

• दुर्दर्शः (durdarśaḥ) - unpleasant to look at, repulsive, difficult to see

• दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

• कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - thin, emaciated, lean

Words meanings and morphology

यदुः (yaduḥ) - The name of King Yayāti's eldest son. (Yadu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yadu

yadu - Name of a king; a descendant of Yadu.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect active, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

सितश्मश्रुशिराः (sitaśmaśruśirāḥ) - white-bearded and white-headed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sitaśmaśruśiras

sitaśmaśruśiras - white-bearded and white-headed; one whose beard and head are white

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sita+śmaśru+śiras)

• sita – white, bound
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √si 'to bind, to whiten'
  Root: si (class 4)
• śmaśru – beard, mustache
  noun (neuter)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, wretched, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, sad, distressed

Past Passive Participle

from root √dī 'to decay, to be wretched'

Root: dī (class 4)

जरया (jarayā) - by old age, with old age

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decrepitude

from root √jṛ 'to grow old'

Root: jṛ (class 4)

शिथिलीकृतः (śithilīkṛtaḥ) - weakened, made loose, rendered slack

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śithilīkṛta

śithilīkṛta - weakened, made loose, rendered slack

Past Passive Participle

from the denominative root śithilī-kṛ 'to make loose'

Compound type : tatpurusha (śithilī+kṛta)

• śithilī – loose, slack (feminine stem used in denominative compound)
  adjective (feminine)
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √kṛ 'to do, to make'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

वलीसंततगात्रः (valīsaṁtatagātraḥ) - whose body is covered with wrinkles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of valīsaṃtatagātra

valīsaṁtatagātra - having a body covered with wrinkles

Compound type : bahuvrihi (valī+saṃtata+gātra)

• valī – wrinkle, fold
  noun (feminine)
• saṃtata – spread, covered, continuous
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √tan 'to stretch' with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tan (class 8)
• gātra – body, limb
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दुर्दर्शः (durdarśaḥ) - unpleasant to look at, repulsive, difficult to see

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdarśa

durdarśa - difficult to see, unpleasant to look at, repulsive

Compound of dur- and darśa

Compound type : pradi (dur+darśa)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• darśa – seeing, sight
  noun (masculine)
  from root √dṛś 'to see'
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless

Compound of dur- and bala

Compound type : pradi (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - thin, emaciated, lean

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, lean, emaciated, meagre

from root √kṛś 'to become thin'

Root: kṛś (class 1)

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