महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-79, verse-5

यदुरुवाच ।
सितश्मश्रुशिरा दीनो जरया शिथिलीकृतः ।
वलीसंततगात्रश्च दुर्दर्शो दुर्बलः कृशः ॥५॥

5. yaduruvāca ,
sitaśmaśruśirā dīno jarayā śithilīkṛtaḥ ,
valīsaṁtatagātraśca durdarśo durbalaḥ kṛśaḥ.

5. yaduḥ uvāca sitaśmaśruśirāḥ dīnaḥ jarayā śithilīkṛtaḥ
valīsaṃtatagātraḥ ca durdarśaḥ durbalaḥ kṛśaḥ

5. Yadu said: '[When one is] white-bearded and white-headed, miserable, weakened by old age, with a body covered in wrinkles, unpleasant to behold, feeble, and emaciated.'

Words meanings summery:

• यदुः (yaduḥ) - The name of King Yayāti's eldest son. (Yadu)

• उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

• सितश्मश्रुशिराः (sitaśmaśruśirāḥ) - white-bearded and white-headed

• दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, wretched, sad

• जरया (jarayā) - by old age, with old age

• शिथिलीकृतः (śithilīkṛtaḥ) - weakened, made loose, rendered slack

• वलीसंततगात्रः (valīsaṁtatagātraḥ) - whose body is covered with wrinkles

• च (ca) - and

• दुर्दर्शः (durdarśaḥ) - unpleasant to look at, repulsive, difficult to see

• दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

• कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - thin, emaciated, lean

Words meanings and morphology

यदुः (yaduḥ) - The name of King Yayāti's eldest son. (Yadu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yadu

yadu - Name of a king; a descendant of Yadu.

उवाच (uvāca) - spoke, said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Tense

Perfect active, 3rd person singular, parasmaipada

Root: vac (class 2)

सितश्मश्रुशिराः (sitaśmaśruśirāḥ) - white-bearded and white-headed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sitaśmaśruśiras

sitaśmaśruśiras - white-bearded and white-headed; one whose beard and head are white

Compound type : bahuvrihi (sita+śmaśru+śiras)

• sita – white, bound
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √si 'to bind, to whiten'
  Root: si (class 4)
• śmaśru – beard, mustache
  noun (neuter)
• śiras – head
  noun (neuter)

दीनः (dīnaḥ) - miserable, wretched, sad

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - miserable, wretched, sad, distressed

Past Passive Participle

from root √dī 'to decay, to be wretched'

Root: dī (class 4)

जरया (jarayā) - by old age, with old age

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decrepitude

from root √jṛ 'to grow old'

Root: jṛ (class 4)

शिथिलीकृतः (śithilīkṛtaḥ) - weakened, made loose, rendered slack

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śithilīkṛta

śithilīkṛta - weakened, made loose, rendered slack

Past Passive Participle

from the denominative root śithilī-kṛ 'to make loose'

Compound type : tatpurusha (śithilī+kṛta)

• śithilī – loose, slack (feminine stem used in denominative compound)
  adjective (feminine)
• kṛta – done, made
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √kṛ 'to do, to make'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

वलीसंततगात्रः (valīsaṁtatagātraḥ) - whose body is covered with wrinkles

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of valīsaṃtatagātra

valīsaṁtatagātra - having a body covered with wrinkles

Compound type : bahuvrihi (valī+saṃtata+gātra)

• valī – wrinkle, fold
  noun (feminine)
• saṃtata – spread, covered, continuous
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √tan 'to stretch' with prefix sam-
  Prefix: sam
  Root: tan (class 8)
• gātra – body, limb
  noun (neuter)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

दुर्दर्शः (durdarśaḥ) - unpleasant to look at, repulsive, difficult to see

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durdarśa

durdarśa - difficult to see, unpleasant to look at, repulsive

Compound of dur- and darśa

Compound type : pradi (dur+darśa)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• darśa – seeing, sight
  noun (masculine)
  from root √dṛś 'to see'
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

दुर्बलः (durbalaḥ) - weak, feeble

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of durbala

durbala - weak, feeble, powerless

Compound of dur- and bala

Compound type : pradi (dur+bala)

• dur – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  prefix
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)

कृशः (kṛśaḥ) - thin, emaciated, lean

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṛśa

kṛśa - thin, lean, emaciated, meagre

from root √kṛś 'to become thin'

Root: kṛś (class 1)