महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-79, verse-17

द्रुह्युरुवाच ।
न गजं न रथं नाश्वं जीर्णो भुङ्क्ते न च स्त्रियम् ।
वाग्भङ्गश्चास्य भवति तज्जरां नाभिकामये ॥१७॥

17. druhyuruvāca ,
na gajaṁ na rathaṁ nāśvaṁ jīrṇo bhuṅkte na ca striyam ,
vāgbhaṅgaścāsya bhavati tajjarāṁ nābhikāmaye.

17. druhyuḥ uvāca na gajam na ratham
na aśvam jīrṇaḥ bhuṅkte na
ca striyam vāgbhaṅgaḥ ca asya
bhavati tat jarām na abhikāmaye

17. Druhyu said: An old man enjoys neither an elephant, nor a chariot, nor a horse, nor a woman. His speech also falters. Therefore, I do not desire that old age.

Words meanings summery:

• द्रुह्युः (druhyuḥ) - Druhyu (name of Yayati's son) (Druhyu)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said

• न (na) - not

• गजम् (gajam) - elephant

• न (na) - not, nor

• रथम् (ratham) - chariot

• न (na) - not, nor

• अश्वम् (aśvam) - horse

• जीर्णः (jīrṇaḥ) - an old man (old, aged; an old man)

• भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys (enjoys, eats, consumes)

• न (na) - not, nor

• च (ca) - and, also

• स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman, wife

• वाग्भङ्गः (vāgbhaṅgaḥ) - faltering speech, stammering

• च (ca) - and, also

• अस्य (asya) - of him, his

• भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, happens

• तत् (tat) - therefore (that, therefore)

• जराम् (jarām) - old age

• न (na) - not

• अभिकामये (abhikāmaye) - I desire

Words meanings and morphology

द्रुह्युः (druhyuḥ) - Druhyu (name of Yayati's son) (Druhyu)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druhyu

druhyu - Druhyu (a proper name)

उवाच (uvāca) - said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

गजम् (gajam) - elephant

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gaja

gaja - elephant

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

रथम् (ratham) - chariot

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ratha

ratha - chariot, car

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

अश्वम् (aśvam) - horse

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of aśva

aśva - horse

जीर्णः (jīrṇaḥ) - an old man (old, aged; an old man)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīrṇa

jīrṇa - old, aged, worn out, digested

Past Passive Participle

root jṝ (class 9) + kta

Root: jṝ (class 9)

Note: Used here as a substantive, meaning 'an old man'.

भुङ्क्ते (bhuṅkte) - enjoys (enjoys, eats, consumes)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of bhuj

Root: bhuj (class 7)

न (na) - not, nor

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

स्त्रियम् (striyam) - woman, wife

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of strī

strī - woman, wife, female

वाग्भङ्गः (vāgbhaṅgaḥ) - faltering speech, stammering

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāgbhaṅga

vāgbhaṅga - breaking of speech, faltering speech, stammering

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (vāc+bhaṅga)

• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
• bhaṅga – breaking, fracture, interruption
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhañj (class 7)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अस्य (asya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the old man.

भवति (bhavati) - becomes, is, happens

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

तत् (tat) - therefore (that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'therefore'.

जराम् (jarām) - old age

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of jarā

jarā - old age, decrepitude

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

अभिकामये (abhikāmaye) - I desire

(verb)

1st person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of abhi-kām

root + upasarga

root kām (class 10) preceded by upasarga abhi

Prefix: abhi

Root: kām (class 10)