महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-79, verse-22

ययातिरुवाच ।
यत्त्वं मे हृदयाज्जातो वयः स्वं न प्रयच्छसि ।
जरादोषस्त्वयोक्तोऽयं तस्मात्त्वं प्रतिपत्स्यसे ॥२२॥

22. yayātiruvāca ,
yattvaṁ me hṛdayājjāto vayaḥ svaṁ na prayacchasi ,
jarādoṣastvayokto'yaṁ tasmāttvaṁ pratipatsyase.

22. yayātiḥ uvāca yat tvam me hṛdayāt jātaḥ vayaḥ svam na
prayacchasi jarādoṣaḥ tvayā uktaḥ ayam tasmāt tvam pratipatsyase

22. Yayati said: 'Because you, who are born from my heart, do not give me your own youth, and because this defect of old age has been described by you, therefore, you yourself will suffer it.'

Words meanings summery:

• ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayati (proper name)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• यत् (yat) - because, since (which, that, because, since)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• मे (me) - to me (as in, 'give to me') (to me, my, for me)

• हृदयात् (hṛdayāt) - from the heart

• जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, arisen

• वयः (vayaḥ) - youth (as opposed to old age) (age, youth, vigor)

• स्वम् (svam) - your own (youth) (one's own, own)

• न (na) - not, no

• प्रयच्छसि (prayacchasi) - you give, you offer

• जरादोषः (jarādoṣaḥ) - defect of old age, fault of old age

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, spoken, declared

• अयम् (ayam) - this (defect) (this, he)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• प्रतिपत्स्यसे (pratipatsyase) - you will suffer (old age) (you will obtain, you will accept, you will suffer)

Words meanings and morphology

ययातिः (yayātiḥ) - Yayati (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yayāti

yayāti - Yayati (a legendary king, father of Anu, Puru, etc.)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Irregular perfect form.

Root: vac (class 2)

यत् (yat) - because, since (which, that, because, since)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Note: Functions here as a conjunction 'because'.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

मे (me) - to me (as in, 'give to me') (to me, my, for me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

हृदयात् (hṛdayāt) - from the heart

(noun)

Ablative, neuter, singular of hṛdaya

hṛdaya - heart, mind, soul

जातः (jātaḥ) - born, produced, arisen

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jāta

jāta - born, produced, become

Past Passive Participle

From root `jan` (to be born).

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Functions adverbially or attributively to `tvam`.

वयः (vayaḥ) - youth (as opposed to old age) (age, youth, vigor)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vayas

vayas - age, youth, strength, vigor

s-stem noun.

Note: Refers to the physical state of youth.

स्वम् (svam) - your own (youth) (one's own, own)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sva

sva - one's own, own, proper

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

प्रयच्छसि (prayacchasi) - you give, you offer

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of pradā

Root `dā` with `pra` prefix, using `yaccha` stem in present.

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 1)

जरादोषः (jarādoṣaḥ) - defect of old age, fault of old age

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jarādoṣa

jarādoṣa - defect of old age (jarā - old age, doṣa - defect)

Tatpuruṣa compound (sixth case - jarāyāḥ doṣaḥ).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jarā+doṣa)

• jarā – old age, decay
  noun (feminine)
  Root: jṛ
• doṣa – defect, fault, blemish, evil
  noun (masculine)
  Root: duṣ

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Note: Agent of the passive participle `uktaḥ`.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - said, spoken, declared

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - said, spoken, declared

Past Passive Participle

From root `vac` (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

अयम् (ayam) - this (defect) (this, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, he, she, it

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore, from that, for that reason

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions as a causal conjunction.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of tvam

tvam - you

प्रतिपत्स्यसे (pratipatsyase) - you will suffer (old age) (you will obtain, you will accept, you will suffer)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, future (lṛṭ) of pratipad

Verb root `pad` with `prati` prefix.

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The meaning 'suffer' is contextually appropriate here.