महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-56, verse-20

इदं पुंसवनं श्रेष्ठमिदं स्वस्त्ययनं महत् ।
महिषीयुवराजाभ्यां श्रोतव्यं बहुशस्तथा ॥२०॥

20. idaṁ puṁsavanaṁ śreṣṭhamidaṁ svastyayanaṁ mahat ,
mahiṣīyuvarājābhyāṁ śrotavyaṁ bahuśastathā.

20. idam puṃsavanam śreṣṭham idam svastyanayam mahat
mahiṣīyuvarājābhyām śrotavyam bahuśaḥ tathā

20. This (epic) is an excellent rite for obtaining a male child; it is a great auspicious observance. Therefore, it should be heard repeatedly by the Chief Queen and the Crown Prince.

20. זוהי ברכה מעולה ללידת בן זכר (פּוּמְסַוַנַה) וברכה גדולה לשלום. על המלכה העיקרית ועל יורש העצר לשמוע אותו שוב ושוב.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this (epic) (this, this one)

• पुंसवनम् (puṁsavanam) - a rite for obtaining a male child (rite for obtaining a male child, a pregnancy ritual)

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - excellent (best, excellent, superior)

• इदम् (idam) - this (epic) (this, this one)

• स्वस्त्यनयम् (svastyanayam) - a great auspicious observance (an auspicious rite, blessing, prosperity)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• महिषीयुवराजाभ्याम् (mahiṣīyuvarājābhyām) - by the Chief Queen and the Crown Prince

• श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - should be heard (to be heard, audible)

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly (many times, frequently, repeatedly)

• तथा (tathā) - therefore, also (thus, so, in that way, and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this (epic) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Subject.

पुंसवनम् (puṁsavanam) - a rite for obtaining a male child (rite for obtaining a male child, a pregnancy ritual)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṃsavana

puṁsavana - a rite for obtaining a male child, a male-producing ceremony

Compound of 'puṃs' (man, male) and 'savana' (producing).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (puṃs+savana)

• puṃs – man, male, human being
  noun (masculine)
• savana – producing, generator, sacrifice, extraction of soma
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  root sū (to generate) + ana
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for idam.

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - excellent (best, excellent, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, most excellent, superior, chief

superlative

root praśas (to praise) + iṣṭha (superlative suffix)

Root: praśas

Note: Adjective modifying puṃsavanam.

इदम् (idam) - this (epic) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Subject for the second clause.

स्वस्त्यनयम् (svastyanayam) - a great auspicious observance (an auspicious rite, blessing, prosperity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svastyayana

svastyayana - an auspicious rite, benediction, blessing, prosperity, well-being

Compound of 'svasti' (well-being) and 'ayana' (going, course, path).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svasti+ayana)

• svasti – well-being, prosperity, good fortune
  noun (feminine)
  su + asti
  Root: as
• ayana – going, course, path, way
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  root i (to go) + ana
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for idam.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

present participle

root mah (to be great) + śatṛ (used as adjective).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying svastyayanam.

महिषीयुवराजाभ्याम् (mahiṣīyuvarājābhyām) - by the Chief Queen and the Crown Prince

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of mahiṣīyuvarāja

mahiṣīyuvarāja - chief queen and crown prince

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (mahiṣī+yuvarāja)

• mahiṣī – chief queen, empress; female buffalo
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mah
• yuvarāja – crown prince, heir apparent
  noun (masculine)
  juvan (youth) + rājan (king)
  Root: rāj

Note: Agent in the passive construction śrotavyam.

श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - should be heard (to be heard, audible)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotavya

śrotavya - to be heard, fit to be heard, audible

future passive participle (kṛtya)

root śru + tavya suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for idam (implied).

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly (many times, frequently, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'bahu' (many) + the suffix 'śaḥ' (indicating frequency or manner).

Note: Modifies śrotavyam.

तथा (tathā) - therefore, also (thus, so, in that way, and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to connect the previous statements with the injunction to listen.

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