महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-56, verse-20

इदं पुंसवनं श्रेष्ठमिदं स्वस्त्ययनं महत् ।
महिषीयुवराजाभ्यां श्रोतव्यं बहुशस्तथा ॥२०॥

20. idaṁ puṁsavanaṁ śreṣṭhamidaṁ svastyayanaṁ mahat ,
mahiṣīyuvarājābhyāṁ śrotavyaṁ bahuśastathā.

20. idam puṃsavanam śreṣṭham idam svastyanayam mahat
mahiṣīyuvarājābhyām śrotavyam bahuśaḥ tathā

20. This (epic) is an excellent rite for obtaining a male child; it is a great auspicious observance. Therefore, it should be heard repeatedly by the Chief Queen and the Crown Prince.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this (epic) (this, this one)

• पुंसवनम् (puṁsavanam) - a rite for obtaining a male child (rite for obtaining a male child, a pregnancy ritual)

• श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - excellent (best, excellent, superior)

• इदम् (idam) - this (epic) (this, this one)

• स्वस्त्यनयम् (svastyanayam) - a great auspicious observance (an auspicious rite, blessing, prosperity)

• महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

• महिषीयुवराजाभ्याम् (mahiṣīyuvarājābhyām) - by the Chief Queen and the Crown Prince

• श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - should be heard (to be heard, audible)

• बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly (many times, frequently, repeatedly)

• तथा (tathā) - therefore, also (thus, so, in that way, and, also)

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this (epic) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Subject.

पुंसवनम् (puṁsavanam) - a rite for obtaining a male child (rite for obtaining a male child, a pregnancy ritual)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of puṃsavana

puṁsavana - a rite for obtaining a male child, a male-producing ceremony

Compound of 'puṃs' (man, male) and 'savana' (producing).

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (puṃs+savana)

• puṃs – man, male, human being
  noun (masculine)
• savana – producing, generator, sacrifice, extraction of soma
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  root sū (to generate) + ana
  Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for idam.

श्रेष्ठम् (śreṣṭham) - excellent (best, excellent, superior)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, excellent, most excellent, superior, chief

superlative

root praśas (to praise) + iṣṭha (superlative suffix)

Root: praśas

Note: Adjective modifying puṃsavanam.

इदम् (idam) - this (epic) (this, this one)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, this one, here

Note: Subject for the second clause.

स्वस्त्यनयम् (svastyanayam) - a great auspicious observance (an auspicious rite, blessing, prosperity)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of svastyayana

svastyayana - an auspicious rite, benediction, blessing, prosperity, well-being

Compound of 'svasti' (well-being) and 'ayana' (going, course, path).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (svasti+ayana)

• svasti – well-being, prosperity, good fortune
  noun (feminine)
  su + asti
  Root: as
• ayana – going, course, path, way
  noun (neuter)
  action noun
  root i (to go) + ana
  Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for idam.

महत् (mahat) - great (great, large, important)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, mighty, important

present participle

root mah (to be great) + śatṛ (used as adjective).

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying svastyayanam.

महिषीयुवराजाभ्याम् (mahiṣīyuvarājābhyām) - by the Chief Queen and the Crown Prince

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, dual of mahiṣīyuvarāja

mahiṣīyuvarāja - chief queen and crown prince

Dvandva compound.

Compound type : dvandva (mahiṣī+yuvarāja)

• mahiṣī – chief queen, empress; female buffalo
  noun (feminine)
  Root: mah
• yuvarāja – crown prince, heir apparent
  noun (masculine)
  juvan (youth) + rājan (king)
  Root: rāj

Note: Agent in the passive construction śrotavyam.

श्रोतव्यम् (śrotavyam) - should be heard (to be heard, audible)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śrotavya

śrotavya - to be heard, fit to be heard, audible

future passive participle (kṛtya)

root śru + tavya suffix

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Predicate adjective for idam (implied).

बहुशः (bahuśaḥ) - repeatedly (many times, frequently, repeatedly)

(indeclinable)

Formed from 'bahu' (many) + the suffix 'śaḥ' (indicating frequency or manner).

Note: Modifies śrotavyam.

तथा (tathā) - therefore, also (thus, so, in that way, and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used here to connect the previous statements with the injunction to listen.