महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-56, verse-8

कथं व्यतिक्रमन्द्यूते पार्थौ माद्रीसुतौ तथा ।
अनुव्रजन्नरव्याघ्रं वञ्च्यमानं दुरात्मभिः ॥८॥

8. kathaṁ vyatikramandyūte pārthau mādrīsutau tathā ,
anuvrajannaravyāghraṁ vañcyamānaṁ durātmabhiḥ.

8. katham vyatikraman dyūte pārthau mādrīsutau tathā
anuvrajan naravyāghram vañcyamānam durātmabhiḥ

8. How did the Pārthas and the sons of Mādrī commit a transgression in the game of dice, while following the tiger among men (Yudhiṣṭhira) who was being deceived by wicked individuals?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - How could it be? (expressing surprise or disbelief) (how, why, in what manner)

• व्यतिक्रमन् (vyatikraman) - the act of transgression (by participating in the game) (transgression, violation, passing over)

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in the dice game (where the transgression occurred) (in the game of dice, in gambling)

• पार्थौ (pārthau) - Arjuna and Bhima (two of the Pāṇḍavas) (the two sons of Pṛthā (Arjuna and Bhima))

• माद्रीसुतौ (mādrīsutau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the twin Pāṇḍavas) (the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva))

• तथा (tathā) - and similarly (connecting the two pairs of brothers) (and, similarly, thus, so)

• अनुव्रजन् (anuvrajan) - while following (Yudhiṣṭhira) (following, going after)

• नरव्याघ्रम् (naravyāghram) - the best of men (Yudhiṣṭhira) (tiger among men, best of men)

• वञ्च्यमानम् (vañcyamānam) - who was being cheated (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (being cheated, being deceived)

• दुरात्मभिः (durātmabhiḥ) - by wicked individuals (like Duryodhana and Śakuni) (by wicked persons, by evil-minded ones)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - How could it be? (expressing surprise or disbelief) (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

व्यतिक्रमन् (vyatikraman) - the act of transgression (by participating in the game) (transgression, violation, passing over)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikraman

vyatikraman - transgression, violation, passing over

action noun

From root kram with prefixes vi and ati, masculine noun

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

द्यूते (dyūte) - in the dice game (where the transgression occurred) (in the game of dice, in gambling)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - dice, gambling, game of dice

पार्थौ (pārthau) - Arjuna and Bhima (two of the Pāṇḍavas) (the two sons of Pṛthā (Arjuna and Bhima))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), patronymic for Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna

patronymic, derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī)

माद्रीसुतौ (mādrīsutau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the twin Pāṇḍavas) (the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mādrīsuta

mādrīsuta - son of Mādrī

compound: Mādrī (mother's name) + suta (son)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mādrī+suta)

• mādrī – Mādrī (name of the second wife of Pāṇḍu)
  noun (feminine)
• suta – son, born, produced
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root sū (to give birth)
  Root: sū (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - and similarly (connecting the two pairs of brothers) (and, similarly, thus, so)

(indeclinable)

अनुव्रजन् (anuvrajan) - while following (Yudhiṣṭhira) (following, going after)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuvrajant

anuvrajant - following, going after

present active participle

From root vraj with prefix anu, Pāras. participle, nominative singular, masculine

Prefix: anu

Root: vraj (class 1)

नरव्याघ्रम् (naravyāghram) - the best of men (Yudhiṣṭhira) (tiger among men, best of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, chief of men, best of men

compound: nara (man) + vyāghra (tiger)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `anuvrajan` (following). Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

वञ्च्यमानम् (vañcyamānam) - who was being cheated (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (being cheated, being deceived)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vañcyamāna

vañcyamāna - being deceived, being cheated

present passive participle

From root vañc, present passive participle, masculine

Root: vañc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `naravyāghram`.

दुरात्मभिः (durātmabhiḥ) - by wicked individuals (like Duryodhana and Śakuni) (by wicked persons, by evil-minded ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of durātman

durātman - wicked, evil-minded, malevolent person

compound: dur (bad) + ātman (self/mind)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  prefix
• ātman – self, soul, mind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, Śakuni, etc.