महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-56, verse-8

कथं व्यतिक्रमन्द्यूते पार्थौ माद्रीसुतौ तथा ।
अनुव्रजन्नरव्याघ्रं वञ्च्यमानं दुरात्मभिः ॥८॥

8. kathaṁ vyatikramandyūte pārthau mādrīsutau tathā ,
anuvrajannaravyāghraṁ vañcyamānaṁ durātmabhiḥ.

8. katham vyatikraman dyūte pārthau mādrīsutau tathā
anuvrajan naravyāghram vañcyamānam durātmabhiḥ

8. How did the Pārthas and the sons of Mādrī commit a transgression in the game of dice, while following the tiger among men (Yudhiṣṭhira) who was being deceived by wicked individuals?

8. ואיך שני בני פְּרְתְהָא (בְּהִימַה וְאַרְג׳וּנַה) ושני בני מָאדְרִי (נַקוּלַה וְסַהַדֵוַה) עברו על כך בשתיקה במשחק הקוביות, כשהלכו אחרי האיש הדגול שהרשעים רימו אותו?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - How could it be? (expressing surprise or disbelief) (how, why, in what manner)

• व्यतिक्रमन् (vyatikraman) - the act of transgression (by participating in the game) (transgression, violation, passing over)

• द्यूते (dyūte) - in the dice game (where the transgression occurred) (in the game of dice, in gambling)

• पार्थौ (pārthau) - Arjuna and Bhima (two of the Pāṇḍavas) (the two sons of Pṛthā (Arjuna and Bhima))

• माद्रीसुतौ (mādrīsutau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the twin Pāṇḍavas) (the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva))

• तथा (tathā) - and similarly (connecting the two pairs of brothers) (and, similarly, thus, so)

• अनुव्रजन् (anuvrajan) - while following (Yudhiṣṭhira) (following, going after)

• नरव्याघ्रम् (naravyāghram) - the best of men (Yudhiṣṭhira) (tiger among men, best of men)

• वञ्च्यमानम् (vañcyamānam) - who was being cheated (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (being cheated, being deceived)

• दुरात्मभिः (durātmabhiḥ) - by wicked individuals (like Duryodhana and Śakuni) (by wicked persons, by evil-minded ones)

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - How could it be? (expressing surprise or disbelief) (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

व्यतिक्रमन् (vyatikraman) - the act of transgression (by participating in the game) (transgression, violation, passing over)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyatikraman

vyatikraman - transgression, violation, passing over

action noun

From root kram with prefixes vi and ati, masculine noun

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: kram (class 1)

द्यूते (dyūte) - in the dice game (where the transgression occurred) (in the game of dice, in gambling)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of dyūta

dyūta - dice, gambling, game of dice

पार्थौ (pārthau) - Arjuna and Bhima (two of the Pāṇḍavas) (the two sons of Pṛthā (Arjuna and Bhima))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of pārtha

pārtha - son of Pṛthā (Kuntī), patronymic for Yudhiṣṭhira, Bhīma, Arjuna

patronymic, derived from Pṛthā (Kuntī)

माद्रीसुतौ (mādrīsutau) - Nakula and Sahadeva (the twin Pāṇḍavas) (the two sons of Mādrī (Nakula and Sahadeva))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of mādrīsuta

mādrīsuta - son of Mādrī

compound: Mādrī (mother's name) + suta (son)

Compound type : tatpurusha (mādrī+suta)

• mādrī – Mādrī (name of the second wife of Pāṇḍu)
  noun (feminine)
• suta – son, born, produced
  noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root sū (to give birth)
  Root: sū (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - and similarly (connecting the two pairs of brothers) (and, similarly, thus, so)

(indeclinable)

अनुव्रजन् (anuvrajan) - while following (Yudhiṣṭhira) (following, going after)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuvrajant

anuvrajant - following, going after

present active participle

From root vraj with prefix anu, Pāras. participle, nominative singular, masculine

Prefix: anu

Root: vraj (class 1)

नरव्याघ्रम् (naravyāghram) - the best of men (Yudhiṣṭhira) (tiger among men, best of men)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of naravyāghra

naravyāghra - tiger among men, chief of men, best of men

compound: nara (man) + vyāghra (tiger)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (nara+vyāghra)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• vyāghra – tiger
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of `anuvrajan` (following). Refers to Yudhiṣṭhira.

वञ्च्यमानम् (vañcyamānam) - who was being cheated (referring to Yudhiṣṭhira) (being cheated, being deceived)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vañcyamāna

vañcyamāna - being deceived, being cheated

present passive participle

From root vañc, present passive participle, masculine

Root: vañc (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `naravyāghram`.

दुरात्मभिः (durātmabhiḥ) - by wicked individuals (like Duryodhana and Śakuni) (by wicked persons, by evil-minded ones)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of durātman

durātman - wicked, evil-minded, malevolent person

compound: dur (bad) + ātman (self/mind)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dur+ātman)

• dur – bad, difficult, evil
  prefix
• ātman – self, soul, mind
  noun (masculine)

Note: Refers to Duryodhana, Śakuni, etc.

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