महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-56, verse-9

कथं धर्मभृतां श्रेष्ठः सुतो धर्मस्य धर्मवित् ।
अनर्हः परमं क्लेशं सोढवान्स युधिष्ठिरः ॥९॥

9. kathaṁ dharmabhṛtāṁ śreṣṭhaḥ suto dharmasya dharmavit ,
anarhaḥ paramaṁ kleśaṁ soḍhavānsa yudhiṣṭhiraḥ.

9. katham dharmabhṛtām śreṣṭhaḥ sutaḥ dharmasya dharmavit
anarhaḥ paramam kleśam soḍhavān saḥ yudhiṣṭhiraḥ

9. How did that Yudhiṣṭhira, the best among those who uphold righteousness, the son of Dharma, and a knower of dharma, endure such supreme suffering, even though he was undeserving of it?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - How could it be? (expressing surprise or disbelief) (how, why, in what manner)

• धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - among the righteous, among those who follow righteous conduct (among those who uphold dharma)

• श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the most excellent one (best, excellent, chief)

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - the son (of Dharma) (son)

• धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of Dharma (the deity, Yudhiṣṭhira's divine father) (of dharma, of righteousness)

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - one who understands righteousness (knower of dharma, wise in dharma)

• अनर्हः (anarhaḥ) - though undeserving (of such suffering) (undeserving, unworthy)

• परमम् (paramam) - extreme (suffering) (supreme, utmost, highest)

• क्लेशम् (kleśam) - intense hardship and misery (suffering, distress, pain)

• सोढवान् (soḍhavān) - endured (the suffering) (endured, suffered, bore)

• सः (saḥ) - that (well-known) Yudhiṣṭhira (that, he)

• युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name))

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - How could it be? (expressing surprise or disbelief) (how, why, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

धर्मभृताम् (dharmabhṛtām) - among the righteous, among those who follow righteous conduct (among those who uphold dharma)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of dharmabhṛt

dharmabhṛt - upholder of dharma, righteous

agent noun

compound: dharma (righteousness) + bhṛt (bearing/upholding)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+bhṛt)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• bhṛt – bearing, holding, maintaining, supporter
  adjective (masculine)
  from root bhṛ (to bear, support)
  Root: bhṛ (class 3)

श्रेष्ठः (śreṣṭhaḥ) - the most excellent one (best, excellent, chief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śreṣṭha

śreṣṭha - best, most excellent, chief, superior

superlative of praśasya (excellent)

Note: Agrees with Yudhiṣṭhira.

सुतः (sutaḥ) - the son (of Dharma) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, born, produced

agent noun

from root sū (to give birth)

Root: sū (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Yudhiṣṭhira.

धर्मस्य (dharmasya) - of Dharma (the deity, Yudhiṣṭhira's divine father) (of dharma, of righteousness)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, religious merit, Dharma (deity)

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - one who understands righteousness (knower of dharma, wise in dharma)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavit

dharmavit - knower of dharma, understanding righteousness

agent noun

compound: dharma (righteousness) + vit (knower)

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+vit)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• vit – knower, understanding
  adjective (masculine)
  from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Yudhiṣṭhira.

अनर्हः (anarhaḥ) - though undeserving (of such suffering) (undeserving, unworthy)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anarha

anarha - undeserving, unworthy, unfit

negative prefix an + arha (worthy)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (an+arha)

• an – not, un-
  prefix
• arha – worthy, deserving, fitting
  adjective (masculine)
  from root arh (to deserve)
  Root: arh (class 1)

Note: Agrees with Yudhiṣṭhira.

परमम् (paramam) - extreme (suffering) (supreme, utmost, highest)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of parama

parama - supreme, utmost, highest, best

Note: Agrees with `kleśam`.

क्लेशम् (kleśam) - intense hardship and misery (suffering, distress, pain)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kleśa

kleśa - suffering, distress, pain, affliction

Note: Object of `soḍhavān`.

सोढवान् (soḍhavān) - endured (the suffering) (endured, suffered, bore)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of soḍhavant

soḍhavant - having endured, suffered

perfect active participle

From root sah (to endure), perfect active participle, masculine

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `saḥ Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ`.

सः (saḥ) - that (well-known) Yudhiṣṭhira (that, he)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Agrees with `Yudhiṣṭhiraḥ`.

युधिष्ठिरः (yudhiṣṭhiraḥ) - Yudhiṣṭhira (Yudhiṣṭhira (name))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava, meaning 'firm in battle')

compound: yudhi (in battle) + sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudhi+sthira)

• yudhi – in battle (locative of yudh)
  noun (locative form used in compound) (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  from root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā (class 1)