महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-56, verse-4

न तत्कारणमल्पं हि धर्मज्ञा यत्र पाण्डवाः ।
अवध्यान्सर्वशो जघ्नुः प्रशस्यन्ते च मानवैः ॥४॥

4. na tatkāraṇamalpaṁ hi dharmajñā yatra pāṇḍavāḥ ,
avadhyānsarvaśo jaghnuḥ praśasyante ca mānavaiḥ.

4. na tat kāraṇam alpam hi dharmajñāḥ yatra pāṇḍavāḥ
avadhyān sarvaśaḥ jaghnuḥ praśasyante ca mānavaiḥ

4. Surely, the reason cannot be insignificant why the Pāṇḍavas, who know Dharma, completely killed those who should not have been killed, and are nevertheless praised by people.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• तत् (tat) - that (reason) (that)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (cause, reason)

• अल्पम् (alpam) - insignificant (small, little, insignificant)

• हि (hi) - surely, indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• धर्मज्ञाः (dharmajñāḥ) - who know Dharma (knowers of Dharma)

• यत्र (yatra) - why, in which situation (where, in which case)

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (the sons of Pāṇḍu)

• अवध्यान् (avadhyān) - those who should not have been killed (those not to be killed, immune from killing)

• सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely, entirely (completely, in every way)

• जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed

• प्रशस्यन्ते (praśasyante) - they are praised

• च (ca) - and yet, nevertheless (and, also)

• मानवैः (mānavaiḥ) - by mankind (by humans, by mankind)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

तत् (tat) - that (reason) (that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (cause, reason)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, instrument, motive

action noun

from root kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

अल्पम् (alpam) - insignificant (small, little, insignificant)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of alpa

alpa - small, little, few, insignificant

हि (hi) - surely, indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

धर्मज्ञाः (dharmajñāḥ) - who know Dharma (knowers of Dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of dharmajña

dharmajña - knower of righteousness, acquainted with duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+jña)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, law, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• jña – knowing, conversant with, skilled in
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root jñā
  Root: jñā (class 9)

यत्र (yatra) - why, in which situation (where, in which case)

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas (the sons of Pāṇḍu)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu

patronymic

from Pāṇḍu + a

अवध्यान् (avadhyān) - those who should not have been killed (those not to be killed, immune from killing)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, plural of avadhya

avadhya - not to be killed, invulnerable, immune from punishment

Compound type : nah-tatpuruṣa (a+vadhya)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• vadhya – to be killed, worthy of death
  gerundive (masculine)
  passive participle (gerundive)
  from root han/vadh
  Root: han (class 2)

सर्वशः (sarvaśaḥ) - completely, entirely (completely, in every way)

(indeclinable)

from sarva + śas (suffix)

जघ्नुः (jaghnuḥ) - they killed

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, perfect (lit) of han

Root: han (class 2)

प्रशस्यन्ते (praśasyante) - they are praised

(verb)

3rd person , plural, passive, present (lat) of śas

from root śas with pra

Prefix: pra

Root: śas (class 2)

च (ca) - and yet, nevertheless (and, also)

(indeclinable)

मानवैः (mānavaiḥ) - by mankind (by humans, by mankind)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of mānava

mānava - human, relating to Manu, mankind

descendant of Manu