महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-45, verse-25

ततो राजा क्षुच्छ्रमार्तस्तं मुनिं स्थाणुवत्स्थितम् ।
मौनव्रतधरं शान्तं सद्यो मन्युवशं ययौ ॥२५॥

25. tato rājā kṣucchramārtastaṁ muniṁ sthāṇuvatsthitam ,
maunavratadharaṁ śāntaṁ sadyo manyuvaśaṁ yayau.

25. tataḥ rājā kṣucchramārtaḥ tam munim sthāṇuvat sthitam
| maunavratadharam śāntam sadyaḥ manyuvaśam yayau

25. Then, the king, afflicted by hunger and fatigue, immediately fell prey to anger towards that sage, who was standing motionless like a tree-stump, observing a vow of silence, and calm.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

• क्षुच्छ्रमार्तः (kṣucchramārtaḥ) - afflicted by hunger and fatigue

• तम् (tam) - that (referring to the sage) (him, that (masculine))

• मुनिम् (munim) - the sage (sage, ascetic)

• स्थाणुवत् (sthāṇuvat) - motionless like a tree-stump (like a tree-stump, like a pillar, motionless)

• स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (standing, situated, being)

• मौनव्रतधरम् (maunavratadharam) - observing a vow of silence

• शान्तम् (śāntam) - calm (calm, peaceful, quiet, tranquil)

• सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, at once, instantly)

• मन्युवशम् (manyuvaśam) - fell prey to anger / under the sway of anger (sway of anger, control of wrath)

• ययौ (yayau) - fell prey to / attained (went, proceeded, attained)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, afterwards)

(indeclinable)

राजा (rājā) - the king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

क्षुच्छ्रमार्तः (kṣucchramārtaḥ) - afflicted by hunger and fatigue

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kṣucchramārta

kṣucchramārta - afflicted by hunger and fatigue

Compound type : dvandva-tatpuruṣa (kṣudh+śrama+ārta)

• kṣudh – hunger, appetite
  noun (feminine)
• śrama – fatigue, exertion, weariness
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śram (class 4)
• ārta – afflicted, pained, distressed
  adjective (masculine)
  past participle
  from root ṛ
  Root: ṛ (class 3)

Note: Agreeing with 'rājā'

तम् (tam) - that (referring to the sage) (him, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

मुनिम् (munim) - the sage (sage, ascetic)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - a sage, ascetic, saint, inspired one

स्थाणुवत् (sthāṇuvat) - motionless like a tree-stump (like a tree-stump, like a pillar, motionless)

(indeclinable)

formed with possessive/comparative suffix -vat

Note: Adverbial modifier for 'sthitam'

स्थितम् (sthitam) - standing (standing, situated, being)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, being, firm

past participle

from root sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with 'munim'

मौनव्रतधरम् (maunavratadharam) - observing a vow of silence

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of maunavratadhara

maunavratadhara - observing a vow of silence

agent noun

from maunavrata + dhṛ

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (mauna+vrata+dhara)

• mauna – silence
  noun (neuter)
• vrata – vow, religious observance
  noun (neuter)
• dhara – bearing, holding, observing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root dhṛ
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with 'munim'

शान्तम् (śāntam) - calm (calm, peaceful, quiet, tranquil)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śānta

śānta - calm, peaceful, tranquil, quieted

past participle

from root śam

Root: śam (class 4)

Note: Agreeing with 'munim'

सद्यः (sadyaḥ) - immediately (immediately, at once, instantly)

(indeclinable)

मन्युवशम् (manyuvaśam) - fell prey to anger / under the sway of anger (sway of anger, control of wrath)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of manyuvaśa

manyuvaśa - sway of anger, power of wrath

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (manyu+vaśa)

• manyu – anger, wrath, passion
  noun (masculine)
• vaśa – will, control, power, sway
  noun (masculine)

Note: Object of 'yayau'

ययौ (yayau) - fell prey to / attained (went, proceeded, attained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of yā

Root: yā (class 2)