महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-45, verse-7

चातुर्वर्ण्यं स्वधर्मस्थं स कृत्वा पर्यरक्षत ।
धर्मतो धर्मविद्राजा धर्मो विग्रहवानिव ॥७॥

7. cāturvarṇyaṁ svadharmasthaṁ sa kṛtvā paryarakṣata ,
dharmato dharmavidrājā dharmo vigrahavāniva.

7. cāturvarṇyam svadharmastham saḥ kṛtvā paryarakṣata
dharmataḥ dharmavit rājā dharmaḥ vigrahavān iva

7. He established the four classes in their respective duties and protected them. That king, being a knower of Dharma, protected them righteously, as if Dharma itself had taken a physical form.

Words meanings summery:

• चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the four classes (the system of four classes/varnas)

• स्वधर्मस्थम् (svadharmastham) - established in their respective duties (standing/established in one's own duty)

• सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having established (having done, having made)

• पर्यरक्षत (paryarakṣata) - he protected (he protected on all sides, he guarded)

• धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - righteously (according to dharma, righteously)

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - a knower of Dharma (knower of dharma)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - Dharma itself (Dharma, righteousness, duty)

• विग्रहवान् (vigrahavān) - had taken a physical form (having a body, embodied)

• इव (iva) - as if (as, like, as if)

Words meanings and morphology

चातुर्वर्ण्यम् (cāturvarṇyam) - the four classes (the system of four classes/varnas)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of cāturvarṇya

cāturvarṇya - the four castes/classes, the system of four varnas

derived from caturvarṇa (four varnas)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (catur+varṇa)

• catur – four
  numeral
• varṇa – color, class, caste
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 9)

स्वधर्मस्थम् (svadharmastham) - established in their respective duties (standing/established in one's own duty)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of svadharmastha

svadharmastha - standing in one's own duty, performing one's own dharma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sva+dharma+stha)

• sva – own, one's own
  pronoun
• dharma – duty, righteousness, law
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with cāturvarṇyam

सः (saḥ) - he (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - having established (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Root: kṛ (class 8)

पर्यरक्षत (paryarakṣata) - he protected (he protected on all sides, he guarded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (laṅ) of rakṣ

Prefix: pari

Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Root rakṣ with prefix pari

धर्मतः (dharmataḥ) - righteously (according to dharma, righteously)

(indeclinable)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - a knower of Dharma (knower of dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of dharma, righteous person

agent noun

compound with root vid (to know)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – duty, righteousness, law
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• vid – knowing, knower
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun
  from root vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with Rājā

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - Dharma itself (Dharma, righteousness, duty)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - duty, righteousness, law, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

विग्रहवान् (vigrahavān) - had taken a physical form (having a body, embodied)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vigrahavat

vigrahavat - embodied, corporeal, having a form

possessive suffix -vat

derived from vigraha + -vat

Note: Agrees with Dharmaḥ

इव (iva) - as if (as, like, as if)

(indeclinable)