महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-45, verse-17

जनमेजय उवाच ।
नास्मिन्कुले जातु बभूव राजा यो न प्रजानां हितकृत्प्रियश्च ।
विशेषतः प्रेक्ष्य पितामहानां वृत्तं महद्वृत्तपरायणानाम् ॥१७॥

17. janamejaya uvāca ,
nāsminkule jātu babhūva rājā; yo na prajānāṁ hitakṛtpriyaśca ,
viśeṣataḥ prekṣya pitāmahānāṁ; vṛttaṁ mahadvṛttaparāyaṇānām.

17. janamejaya uvāca na asmin kule jātu
babhūva rājā yaḥ na prajānām hitakṛt
priyaḥ ca viśeṣataḥ prekṣya
pitāmahānām vṛttam mahat vṛttaparāyaṇānām

17. Janamejaya said: "In this family, there was never a king who was not benevolent and dear to his subjects, especially when considering the great conduct of my ancestors, who were entirely devoted to virtue."

Words meanings summery:

• जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (Janamejaya (proper noun))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (family) (in this)

• कुले (kule) - in this family/lineage (in the family, in the lineage)

• जातु (jātu) - ever (ever, at any time)

• बभूव (babhūva) - there was (he was, there was, he became)

• राजा (rājā) - a king

• यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of his subjects (of the subjects, of the people, of creatures)

• हितकृत् (hitakṛt) - benevolent (doing good, beneficial, benevolent)

• प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear (dear, beloved, pleasing)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly)

• प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - when considering (having observed, considering, looking at)

• पितामहानाम् (pitāmahānām) - of my ancestors (of the grandfathers, of the ancestors)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - the conduct (conduct, behavior, character, story)

• महत् (mahat) - great, noble (great, large, noble)

• वृत्तपरायणानाम् (vṛttaparāyaṇānām) - of those who were entirely devoted to virtue (of those devoted to good conduct, of those whose highest aim is virtue)

Words meanings and morphology

जनमेजय (janamejaya) - Janamejaya (Janamejaya (proper noun))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of janamejaya

janamejaya - Janamejaya (proper name, a king of the Kuru dynasty)

Note: Subject of 'uvāca'.

उवाच (uvāca) - said (he said, spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'babhūva'.

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (family) (in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Agrees with 'kule'.

कुले (kule) - in this family/lineage (in the family, in the lineage)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, race

Note: Place where no king of a certain type existed.

जातु (jātu) - ever (ever, at any time)

(indeclinable)

Note: Intensifies the negation.

बभूव (babhūva) - there was (he was, there was, he became)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (liṭ) of bhū

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used here to state a general truth about the past.

राजा (rājā) - a king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

Note: Subject of 'babhūva'.

यः (yaḥ) - who (who, which)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what (relative pronoun)

Note: Relative pronoun referring to 'rājā'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates 'hitakṛt' and 'priyaḥ'.

प्रजानाम् (prajānām) - of his subjects (of the subjects, of the people, of creatures)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of prajā

prajā - subjects, people, progeny, creation

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Qualifies 'hitakṛt' and 'priyaḥ'.

हितकृत् (hitakṛt) - benevolent (doing good, beneficial, benevolent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of hitakṛt

hitakṛt - doing good, beneficial, benevolent

agent noun

Derived from 'hita' (good) and 'kṛt' (doer).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (hita+kṛt)

• hita – beneficial, good, welfare
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle
  Derived from root 'dhā' (as 'dhi').
  Root: dhā (class 3)
• kṛt – doer, maker, performing
  agent_noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root 'kṛ'.
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

प्रियः (priyaḥ) - dear (dear, beloved, pleasing)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, own

Note: Agrees with 'yaḥ'.

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects 'hitakṛt' and 'priyaḥ'.

विशेषतः (viśeṣataḥ) - especially (especially, particularly)

(indeclinable)

Note: Qualifies 'prekṣya'.

प्रेक्ष्य (prekṣya) - when considering (having observed, considering, looking at)

(indeclinable)

gerund (lvap)

Derived from root 'īkṣ' with prefixes 'pra'.

Prefixes: pra+īkṣ

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Indicates an action preceding or accompanying the main verb, here referring to the act of considering the ancestors' conduct.

पितामहानाम् (pitāmahānām) - of my ancestors (of the grandfathers, of the ancestors)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of pitāmaha

pitāmaha - grandfather, ancestor

Note: Qualifies 'vṛttam'.

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - the conduct (conduct, behavior, character, story)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, course of action, character, event, story

past passive participle (nominalized)

Derived from root 'vṛt'.

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Object of 'prekṣya'.

महत् (mahat) - great, noble (great, large, noble)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, noble, important

Note: Agrees with 'vṛttam'.

वृत्तपरायणानाम् (vṛttaparāyaṇānām) - of those who were entirely devoted to virtue (of those devoted to good conduct, of those whose highest aim is virtue)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vṛttaparāyaṇa

vṛttaparāyaṇa - whose highest aim is conduct/virtue, devoted to virtue

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vṛtta+parāyaṇa)

• vṛtta – conduct, behavior
  noun (neuter)
  past passive participle (nominalized)
  Derived from root 'vṛt'.
  Root: vṛt (class 1)
• parāyaṇa – chief aim, ultimate resort, intent on
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'pitāmahānām'.