महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-45, verse-28

न चोवाच स मेधावी तमथो साध्वसाधु वा ।
तस्थौ तथैव चाक्रुध्यन्सर्पं स्कन्धेन धारयन् ॥२८॥

28. na covāca sa medhāvī tamatho sādhvasādhu vā ,
tasthau tathaiva cākrudhyansarpaṁ skandhena dhārayan.

28. na ca uvāca sa medhāvī tam atha u sādhu asādhu vā
tasthau tathā eva ca akrudhyan sarpam skandhena dhārayan

28. That wise sage did not say anything to him, neither good nor bad. He remained just as he was, not becoming angry, and continued to bear the snake on his shoulder.

Words meanings summery:

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

• स (sa) - he (the sage) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

• मेधावी (medhāvī) - the wise (wise, intelligent)

• तम् (tam) - to him (the king) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• अथ (atha) - or (then, now, or, also)

• उ (u) - or (or, indeed, question particle)

• साधु (sādhu) - good (good, virtuous, right)

• असाधु (asādhu) - bad (not good, bad, improper)

• वा (vā) - or

• तस्थौ (tasthau) - he remained (he stood, he remained)

• तथा (tathā) - just so (thus, so, in that manner)

• एव (eva) - just (just, only, indeed)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• अक्रुध्यन् (akrudhyan) - not becoming angry (not getting angry, not enraged)

• सर्पम् (sarpam) - the snake (snake, serpent)

• स्कन्धेन (skandhena) - on his shoulder (by the shoulder, with the shoulder)

• धारयन् (dhārayan) - bearing, holding (bearing, holding, supporting)

Words meanings and morphology

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

उवाच (uvāca) - he spoke (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Strong form of root, reduplication

स (sa) - he (the sage) (he, that (masculine nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Form of tad with visarga elision before consonant

मेधावी (medhāvī) - the wise (wise, intelligent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of medhāvin

medhāvin - intelligent, wise, possessing wisdom

possessive suffix -vin

Note: Describing the sage

तम् (tam) - to him (the king) (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

अथ (atha) - or (then, now, or, also)

(indeclinable)

Note: Here used as 'or' with 'u'

उ (u) - or (or, indeed, question particle)

(indeclinable)

साधु (sādhu) - good (good, virtuous, right)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sādhu

sādhu - good, virtuous, proper, right, excellent

Root: sādh (class 5)

असाधु (asādhu) - bad (not good, bad, improper)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of asādhu

asādhu - not good, bad, improper, wicked

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+sādhu)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• sādhu – good, proper
  adjective (neuter)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

तस्थौ (tasthau) - he remained (he stood, he remained)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (lit) of sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Reduplicated root

तथा (tathā) - just so (thus, so, in that manner)

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - just (just, only, indeed)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

अक्रुध्यन् (akrudhyan) - not becoming angry (not getting angry, not enraged)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of akrudhyat

akrudhyat - not getting angry

present active participle

from root krudh + negative 'a'

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+krudhyat)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• krudhyat – getting angry
  adjective (masculine)
  present active participle
  from root krudh
  Root: krudh (class 4)

Note: Agreeing with sa medhāvī

सर्पम् (sarpam) - the snake (snake, serpent)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sarpa

sarpa - snake, serpent

Root: sṛp (class 1)

स्कन्धेन (skandhena) - on his shoulder (by the shoulder, with the shoulder)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of skandha

skandha - shoulder, trunk of a tree

Note: Means by which the snake was held

धारयन् (dhārayan) - bearing, holding (bearing, holding, supporting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhārayat

dhārayat - bearing, holding, maintaining

present active participle

from causative of dhṛ

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

Note: Agreeing with sa medhāvī