महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-1, chapter-45, verse-16

ततस्त्वं पुरुषश्रेष्ठ धर्मेण प्रतिपेदिवान् ।
इदं वर्षसहस्राय राज्यं कुरुकुलागतम् ।
बाल एवाभिजातोऽसि सर्वभूतानुपालकः ॥१६॥

16. tatastvaṁ puruṣaśreṣṭha dharmeṇa pratipedivān ,
idaṁ varṣasahasrāya rājyaṁ kurukulāgatam ,
bāla evābhijāto'si sarvabhūtānupālakaḥ.

16. tataḥ tvam puruṣaśreṣṭha dharmeṇa
pratipedivān idam varṣasahasrāya
rājyam kurukulāgatam bālaḥ eva
abhijātaḥ asi sarvabhūtānupālakaḥ

16. O best among men, you then obtained this kingdom, which had come down through the Kuru lineage, to rule for a thousand years, doing so righteously. Even as a child, you were born to be the protector of all beings.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, therefore)

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (addressing Janamejaya) (you)

• पुरुषश्रेष्ठ (puruṣaśreṣṭha) - O best among men (best among men)

• धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - through righteousness, righteously (by dharma, by righteousness, by law)

• प्रतिपेदिवान् (pratipedivān) - you obtained (having obtained, having reached, you obtained)

• इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the kingdom) (this)

• वर्षसहस्राय (varṣasahasrāya) - to rule for a thousand years (for a thousand years)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty)

• कुरुकुलागतम् (kurukulāgatam) - inherited from the Kuru lineage (arrived from the Kuru family, inherited from the Kuru lineage)

• बालः (bālaḥ) - a child (a child, young boy)

• एव (eva) - even (indeed, only, certainly, even)

• अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - born (with the destiny/role of) (well-born, noble, destined, produced)

• असि (asi) - you are

• सर्वभूतानुपालकः (sarvabhūtānupālakaḥ) - the protector of all beings (protector of all beings)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, therefrom, therefore)

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - you (addressing Janamejaya) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuşmad

yuşmad - you (pronoun)

पुरुषश्रेष्ठ (puruṣaśreṣṭha) - O best among men (best among men)

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of puruṣaśreṣṭha

puruṣaśreṣṭha - best among men

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (puruṣa+śreṣṭha)

• puruṣa – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• śreṣṭha – best, most excellent
  adjective
  superlative of praśasya

धर्मेण (dharmeṇa) - through righteousness, righteously (by dharma, by righteousness, by law)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

प्रतिपेदिवान् (pratipedivān) - you obtained (having obtained, having reached, you obtained)

(nominal form)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pratipad

pratipad - to obtain, to gain, to attain

Prefix: prati

Root: pad (class 4)

Note: The kvasu suffix (-vān/-vat) forms a perfect active participle which can function as a finite verb.

इदम् (idam) - this (referring to the kingdom) (this)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Agrees with rājyam.

वर्षसहस्राय (varṣasahasrāya) - to rule for a thousand years (for a thousand years)

(noun)

Dative, neuter, singular of varṣasahasra

varṣasahasra - a thousand years

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (varṣa+sahasra)

• varṣa – year, rain
  noun (neuter)
  Root: vṛṣ (class 1)
• sahasra – thousand
  noun (neuter)

Note: Dative often used to express purpose or duration for which something is intended.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - the kingdom (kingdom, sovereignty)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, reign, sovereignty

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Object of 'pratipedivān'.

कुरुकुलागतम् (kurukulāgatam) - inherited from the Kuru lineage (arrived from the Kuru family, inherited from the Kuru lineage)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kurukulāgata

kurukulāgata - come from the Kuru family

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru-kula+āgata)

• kuru-kula – Kuru family, Kuru lineage
  noun (neuter)
• āgata – come, arrived, obtained
  adjective
  past passive participle
  Derived from root 'gam' with prefix 'ā'
  Prefix: ā
  Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājyam'.

बालः (bālaḥ) - a child (a child, young boy)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bāla

bāla - child, young, juvenile

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam' (understood 'asi').

एव (eva) - even (indeed, only, certainly, even)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

अभिजातः (abhijātaḥ) - born (with the destiny/role of) (well-born, noble, destined, produced)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of abhijāta

abhijāta - well-born, noble, produced, destined

past passive participle

Derived from root 'jan' with prefix 'abhi'.

Prefix: abhi

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam' (subject of 'asi').

असि (asi) - you are

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

सर्वभूतानुपालकः (sarvabhūtānupālakaḥ) - the protector of all beings (protector of all beings)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarvabhūtānupālaka

sarvabhūtānupālaka - protector of all creatures

agent noun

Derived from 'anupāl' root with 'ṇvul' suffix.

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sarva-bhūta+anupālaka)

• sarva-bhūta – all beings, all creatures
  noun (neuter)
• anupālaka – protector, guardian
  agent_noun (masculine)
  agent noun
  Derived from root 'pāl' with prefix 'anu'.
  Prefix: anu
  Root: pāl (class 10)

Note: Predicate nominative for 'tvam'.